medinfoАктуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медициныActual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine2790-12892790-1297Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет10.64854/2790-1289-2026-51-1-06medinfo-1044Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL ARTICLESУРОКИ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19: КАЧЕСТВЕННОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ГОТОВНОСТИ СТАЦИОНАРОВ В Г. АЛМАТЫLESSONS LEARNT FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS IN ALMATYhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-0255МамыркулМ.MamyrkulM.maksat333@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-0580-2792НазарбаевА.NazarbayevA.anazarba@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-1029АбикуловаА.AbikulovaA.abikulova.a@kaznmu.kzКазахский национальный медицинский университет имени С.Д. АсфендияроваКазахстанAsfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical UniversityKazakhstan202601042026018295Copyright © Мамыркул М., Назарбаев А., Абикулова А., 20262026Мамыркул М., Назарбаев А., Абикулова А.Mamyrkul M., Nazarbayev A., Abikulova A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1044Актуальность

Актуальность. Пандемия COVID-19 оказала беспрецедентную нагрузку на больничные системы, выявив структурные уязвимости в ресурсном обеспечении, управлении и кадровом потенциале. В Казахстане, в частности в г. Алматы, были реализованы масштабные организационные изменения, включая создание модульных инфекционных стационаров; однако качественные данные о восприятии руководителей здравоохранения относительно их эффективности и готовности к будущим кризисам остаются ограниченными.

Цель

Цель: изучить опыт руководителей здравоохранения по функционированию стационаров в период пандемии COVID-19 в г. Алматы, оценить воспринимаемую эффективность реализованных мер и определить ключевые факторы, влияющие на готовность и устойчивость системы к будущим пандемиям.

Методы

Методы: Проведено качественное исследование с использованием полуструктурированных глубинных интервью. В исследование включены 16 руководителей медицинских организаций (5 - высшего уровня и 11 - среднего уровня) многопрофильных стационаров г. Алматы, отобранных методом целенаправленной выборки через профессиональные группы в WhatsApp. Сбор данных осуществлялся в первом квартале 2026 года посредством онлайн-интервью продолжительностью 15–20 минут. Аудиозаписи интервью были дословно транскрибированы и проанализированы с использованием индуктивного тематического анализа.

Результаты

Результаты: Выделено семь взаимосвязанных тем: (1) перегрузка стационаров как проявление системной неподготовленности; (2) дефицит ресурсов, при этом инфраструктура кислородного обеспечения выступала критическим ограничивающим фактором; (3) модульные COVID-стационары как ключевая адаптационная стратегия; (4) значимость своевременных и скоординированных управленческих решений; (5) благополучие медицинского персонала как ключевой фактор функционирования системы; (6) частичная готовность к будущим пандемиям; (7) необходимость формирования интегрированной и адаптивной системы готовности. Модульные стационары рассматривались как переломный момент в ответе на пандемию, способствовав увеличению мощности и улучшению координации системы. Несмотря на достигнутые улучшения, сохраняются проблемы, связанные с дефицитом кадров, управлением и цифровой инфраструктурой.

Выводы

Выводы. Эффективность функционирования стационарной системы в период пандемии COVID-19 определялась взаимодействием ресурсов, управленческих механизмов и устойчивости кадрового потенциала. Полученные результаты подчеркивают необходимость внедрения интегрированных и адаптивных подходов в системе здравоохранения, включая масштабируемую инфраструктуру, укрепление кадровой политики, совершенствование управления и развитие цифровых решений для обеспечения готовности к будущим чрезвычайным ситуациям в области общественного здравоохранения.

Relevance

Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic placed unprecedented pressure on hospital systems, exposing structural vulnerabilities in resources, governance, and workforce capacity. In Kazakhstan, particularly in Almaty, major system reorganizations, including modular COVID-19 hospitals, were implemented; however, qualitative data on healthcare managers’ views on their effectiveness and preparedness for future challenges remain limited.

Objective

Objective: This study aims to explore healthcare managers’ experiences of hospital functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Almaty, assess the perceived effectiveness of implemented measures, and identify key factors influencing preparedness and resilience for future pandemics.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods.  A qualitative study design was employed using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Sixteen healthcare managers (5 senior-level and 11 mid-level) from multidisciplinary hospitals in Almaty were recruited through purposive sampling via professional WhatsApp groups. Data were collected in the first quarter of 2026 through online interviews lasting 15-20 minutes. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Results. Seven interrelated topics were identified: (1) hospital overload as a manifestation of systemic unpreparedness; (2) resource constraints, with oxygen infrastructure as a critical bottleneck; (3) modular COVID-19 hospitals as a key adaptive strategy; (4) the importance of timely and coordinated organizational responses; (5) workforce well-being as a core determinant of system performance; (6) partial preparedness for future pandemics; and (7) the need for an integrated and adaptive preparedness system. Modular hospitals were perceived as a turning point in the pandemic response, improving capacity and system coordination. Despite improvements, persistent challenges related to workforce shortages, governance, and digital infrastructure remain.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Hospital system performance during the COVID-19 pandemic was shaped by the interaction of resources, governance, and workforce resilience. The findings highlight the need for integrated and adaptive health system approaches, including scalable infrastructure, strengthened workforce policies, improved governance, and enhanced digital systems, to ensure preparedness for future public health emergencies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.