<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medinfo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2790-1289</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-1297</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.64854/2790-1289-2026-53-3-08</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medinfo-1161</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СПЕКТР РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ТАРГЕТНОГО МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕСТИРОВАНИЯ ГЕНОВ SPINK1, PRSS1, CFTR, BRCA1 И BRCA2: ПИЛОТНОЕ ОПИСАТЕЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SPECTRUM OF TARGETED MOLECULAR GENETIC TESTING RESULTS FOR SPINK1, PRSS1, CFTR, BRCA1, AND BRCA2: A PILOT DESCRIPTIVE STUDY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0300-0104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акилов</surname><given-names>Х. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akilov</surname><given-names>Kh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Центр развития профессиональной квалификации медицинских работников (ранее Ташкентский институт усовершенствования врачей ТашИУВ) </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Center for the Development of Professional Qualifications of Medical Workers (formerly the Tashkent Institute for Advanced Medical Studies), Uzbekistan, Tashkent</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kh.Akilov@tipme.uz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-3415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Керимкулов</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kerimkulov</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докторант НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctoral student, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Kazakhstan, Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.kerimkulov@medkrmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-0694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадьяров</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Madyarov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой хирургии с курсом анестезиологии и реаниматологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Surgery with a Course in Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Kazakhstan, Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmadyarov@medkrmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр развития профессиональной квалификации медицинских работников (ранее Ташкентский институт усовершенствования врачей ТашИУВ), Узбекистан, Ташкент</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for the Development of Professional Qualifications of Medical Workers (formerly the Tashkent Institute for Advanced Medical Training – TashIUV)</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>1161</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Акилов Х., Керимкулов Д., Мадьяров В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Акилов Х., Керимкулов Д., Мадьяров В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akilov K., Kerimkulov D., Madyarov V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1161">https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1161</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Генетические факторы играют важную роль в формировании индивидуальной предрасположенности к заболеваниям поджелудочной железы. Варианты генов SPINK1, PRSS1 и CFTR ассоциированы с различными формами панкреатита, тогда как BRCA1 и BRCA2 имеют значение преимущественно в контексте наследственной онкологической предрасположенности. Изучение результатов молекулярно-генетического тестирования в клинической практике позволяет оценить спектр выявляемых генетических находок и определить направления дальнейших клинико-генетических исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Описать спектр и частоту результатов молекулярно-генетического тестирования генов SPINK1, PRSS1, CFTR, BRCA1 и BRCA2 в пилотной клинической серии пациентов с раздельным анализом на уровне уникальных пациентов и выполненных генетических исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено пилотное ретроспективное описательное исследование пациентов, обследованных в ТОО «Медцентр - Рахат» (г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан) в 2021-2022 гг. В анализ включены 14 уникальных пациентов и результаты 16 молекулярно-генетических исследований: SPINK1–5, PRSS1–2, CFTR – 5, BRCA1/BRCA2–4. Анализ проводили отдельно на уровне пациентов и отдельных исследований. Категориальные показатели представлены как n (%). Для долей рассчитывали точные двусторонние 95 % доверительные интервалы по методу Клоппера–Пирсона. Статистическая обработка выполнена в R 4.5.2.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Находки, интерпретированные в исходных лабораторных заключениях как ассоциированные с повышенной восприимчивостью к панкреатиту, выявлены у 2 из 14 пациентов (14,3 %; 95 % ДИ 1,8-42,8 %). В обоих случаях зарегистрирован гетерозиготный вариант SPINK1 p.Asn34Ser (N34S). Среди пяти исследований SPINK1 данный вариант выявлен в 2 случаях (40,0 %; 95 % ДИ 5,3–85,3 %). В исследованиях PRSS1, CFTR и BRCA1/BRCA2 другие риск-ассоциированные находки согласно исходным лабораторным заключениям не зарегистрированы.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В исследованной пилотной серии единственной риск-ассоциированной генетической находкой являлся гетерозиготный вариант SPINK1 p.Asn34Ser. Малый объём выборки и неоднородность генетического тестирования ограничивают обобщение результатов и обосновывают необходимость дальнейших исследований с большей выборкой, стандартизированным генетическим тестированием и оценкой генотип-фенотипических взаимосвязей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Genetic factors play an important role in determining individual susceptibility to pancreatic diseases. Variants in SPINK1, PRSS1, and CFTR are associated with different forms of pancreatitis, whereas BRCA1 and BRCA2 are primarily relevant in the context of hereditary cancer predisposition. Evaluation of molecular genetic testing results in clinical practice may help characterize the spectrum of genetic findings and inform future clinical genetic research.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To describe the spectrum and frequency of molecular genetic testing results for SPINK1, PRSS1, CFTR, BRCA1, and BRCA2 in a pilot clinical series, with separate analyses at the level of unique patients and individual genetic tests.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A pilot retrospective descriptive study was conducted among patients evaluated at Medcenter-Rakhat LLP, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, in 2021-2022. The analysis included 14 unique patients and the results of 16 molecular genetic tests: SPINK1, n = 5; PRSS1, n = 2; CFTR, n = 5; and BRCA1/BRCA2, n = 4. Analyses were performed separately at the patient and individual-test levels. Categorical variables are presented as n (%). Exact two-sided 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for proportions were calculated using the Clopper–Pearson method. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.5.2.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Findings interpreted in the original laboratory reports as being associated with increased susceptibility to pancreatitis were identified in 2 of 14 patients (14.3 %; 95 % CI, 1.8–42.8 %). In both cases, a heterozygous SPINK1 p.Asn34Ser (N34S) variant was identified. Among the five SPINK1 tests, this variant was detected in 2 cases (40.0 %; 95 % CI, 5.3–85.3 %). No other risk-associated findings were reported for PRSS1, CFTR, or BRCA1/BRCA2 according to the original laboratory interpretations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. In this pilot clinical series, the heterozygous SPINK1 p.Asn34Ser variant was the only risk-associated genetic finding identified. The small sample size and heterogeneity of genetic testing limit the generalizability of the findings and support the need for larger studies using standardized genetic testing and systematic evaluation of genotype–phenotype associations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>панкреатит</kwd><kwd>генетическая предрасположенность</kwd><kwd>SPINK1</kwd><kwd>PRSS1</kwd><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>BRCA1</kwd><kwd>BRCA2</kwd><kwd>p.Asn34Ser</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическое тестирование.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pancreatitis</kwd><kwd>genetic susceptibility</kwd><kwd>SPINK1</kwd><kwd>PRSS1</kwd><kwd>CFTR</kwd><kwd>BRCA1</kwd><kwd>BRCA2</kwd><kwd>p.Asn34Ser</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic testing.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kleeff, J., Whitcomb, D. C., Shimosegawa, T., et al. (2017). Chronic pancreatitis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3, 17060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleeff, J., Whitcomb, D. C., Shimosegawa, T., et al. (2017). Chronic pancreatitis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3, 17060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.60</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayerle, J., Sendler, M., Hegyi, E., et al. (2019). Genetics, cell biology, and pathophysiology of pancreatitis. Gastroenterology, 156(7), 1951-1968.e1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayerle, J., Sendler, M., Hegyi, E., et al. (2019). Genetics, cell biology, and pathophysiology of pancreatitis. Gastroenterology, 156(7), 1951-1968.e1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu, Y., &amp; Lucas, A. L. (2022). Genetic evaluation of pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America, 32(1), 27-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2021.08.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu, Y., &amp; Lucas, A. L. (2022). Genetic evaluation of pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America, 32(1), 27-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2021.08.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suzuki, M., Minowa, K., Nakano, S., et al. (2021). Genetic abnormalities in pancreatitis: An update on diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment. Diagnostics, 11(1), 31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suzuki, M., Minowa, K., Nakano, S., et al. (2021). Genetic abnormalities in pancreatitis: An update on diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment. Diagnostics, 11(1), 31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, Q. W., Zou, W. B., Masson, E., et al. (2025). Genetics and clinical implications of SPINK1 in the pancreatitis continuum and pancreatic cancer. Human Genomics, 19(1), 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-025-00740-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, Q. W., Zou, W. B., Masson, E., et al. (2025). Genetics and clinical implications of SPINK1 in the pancreatitis continuum and pancreatic cancer. Human Genomics, 19(1), 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-025-00740-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, Y. C., Masson, E., Wang, Q. W., et al. (2025). SPINK1-related chronic pancreatitis: A model that encapsulates the spectrum of variant effects, genetic complexity, and classificatory challenges. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 112(9), 2043-2066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2025.07.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, Y. C., Masson, E., Wang, Q. W., et al. (2025). SPINK1-related chronic pancreatitis: A model that encapsulates the spectrum of variant effects, genetic complexity, and classificatory challenges. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 112(9), 2043-2066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2025.07.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phadke, M. Y., &amp; Sellers, Z. M. (2022). Current clinical opinion on CFTR dysfunction and patient risk of pancreatitis: Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Expert Review of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, 16(6), 499-509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2022.2084072</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phadke, M. Y., &amp; Sellers, Z. M. (2022). Current clinical opinion on CFTR dysfunction and patient risk of pancreatitis: Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Expert Review of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology, 16(6), 499-509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2022.2084072</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berke, G., Gede, N., Szadai, L., et al. (2022). Bicarbonate defective CFTR variants increase risk for chronic pancreatitis: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 17(10), e0276397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276397</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berke, G., Gede, N., Szadai, L., et al. (2022). Bicarbonate defective CFTR variants increase risk for chronic pancreatitis: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 17(10), e0276397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276397</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paiella, S., Azzolina, D., Gregori, D., et al. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of germline BRCA mutations in pancreatic cancer patients identifies global and racial disparities in access to genetic testing. ESMO Open, 8(2), 100881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100881</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paiella, S., Azzolina, D., Gregori, D., et al. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of germline BRCA mutations in pancreatic cancer patients identifies global and racial disparities in access to genetic testing. ESMO Open, 8(2), 100881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100881</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulegenova, M., Macek, M., Libik, M., et al. (2022). Mutational spectrum of the CFTR gene in the Kazakhstan population. Indian Pediatrics, 59(5), 380-383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-022-2518-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulegenova, M., Macek, M., Libik, M., et al. (2022). Mutational spectrum of the CFTR gene in the Kazakhstan population. Indian Pediatrics, 59(5), 380-383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-022-2518-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richards, S., Aziz, N., Bale, S., et al. (2015). Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: A joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genetics in Medicine, 17(5), 405-423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2015.30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richards, S., Aziz, N., Bale, S., et al. (2015). Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: A joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genetics in Medicine, 17(5), 405-423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2015.30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou, W. B., Cooper, D. N., Masson, E., et al. (2022). Trypsinogen (PRSS1 and PRSS2) gene dosage correlates with pancreatitis risk across genetic and transgenic studies: A systematic review and re-analysis. Human Genetics, 141(8), 1327-1338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-022-02436-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zou, W. B., Cooper, D. N., Masson, E., et al. (2022). Trypsinogen (PRSS1 and PRSS2) gene dosage correlates with pancreatitis risk across genetic and transgenic studies: A systematic review and re-analysis. Human Genetics, 141(8), 1327-1338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-022-02436-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang, J., Waidyaratne, G., Mussad, S., et al. (2025). Prevalence of CFTR pathogenic variants in pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 16(7), e00846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000846</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang, J., Waidyaratne, G., Mussad, S., et al. (2025). Prevalence of CFTR pathogenic variants in pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 16(7), e00846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000846</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
