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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medinfo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2790-1289</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-1297</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.64854/2790-1289-2026-53-3-02</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medinfo-1169</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СТРУКТУРА РАБОЧЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ ШКОЛЬНЫХ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ СЕСТЕР В СЕЛЬСКОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ: ВТОРИЧНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ХРОНОМЕТРАЖНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>WORK TIME STRUCTURE OF SCHOOL NURSES IN RURAL AREAS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF A TIME-MOTION STUDY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-661X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жубанышева</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhubanysheva</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Non-State Educational Institution «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karlygash77@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9264-8823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турсун</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tursun</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докторант, НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет» </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctoral Student, Non-State Educational Institution «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.tursun@medkrmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-5806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карабалин</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karabalin</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры гигиены и эпидемиологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Non-State Educational Institution «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serik.sk@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8152-9288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адилханова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adilkhanova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор PhD, завуч кафедры кафедры гигиены и эпидемиологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Academic Coordinator, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Non-State Educational Institution «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adilkhanova.azhar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0977-3104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балтабай</surname><given-names>Б. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baltabai</surname><given-names>B. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант 2 года обучения, НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет» </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Second-Year Master’s Student, Non-State Educational Institution «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bhtg.l.bhtg.l@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3956-9092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашуева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashueva</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры гигиены и эпидемиологии, НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет» </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Non-State Educational Institution «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nazilya78ashueva@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2893-2996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медеубеков</surname><given-names>У. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medeubekov</surname><given-names>U. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры общественного здоровья, НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Department of Public Health, Non-State Educational Institution «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">keryblue@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3676-1085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абилдаева</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abildaeva</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Non-State Educational Institution «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abigaulhar67@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>1169</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жубанышева К., Турсун А., Карабалин С., Адилханова А., Балтабай Б., Ашуева Н., Медеубеков У., Абилдаева Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жубанышева К., Турсун А., Карабалин С., Адилханова А., Балтабай Б., Ашуева Н., Медеубеков У., Абилдаева Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhubanysheva K., Tursun A., Karabalin S., Adilkhanova A., Baltabai B., Ashueva N., Medeubekov U., Abildaeva G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1169">https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/1169</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Международный опыт показывает, что школьные медицинские сестры затрачивают 36 % рабочего времени на непосредственную работу с детьми, а 64 % − на другие обязанности. Доля административной работы составляет 22,1 %, а профилактической работы с детьми и родителями − лишь 2,8 %. Поскольку только 72 % специалистов работают на постоянной основе, необходимо пересмотреть подходы к нормированию нагрузки. Структура нагрузки медицинских сестер сельских школ Казахстана недостаточно изучена, что обусловливает необходимость всестороннего анализа использования рабочего времени.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить структуру рабочего времени и соотношение основных видов деятельности школьных медицинских сестер в сельских школах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен вторичный статистический анализ данных хронометражного наблюдения за рабочей деятельностью 14 медицинских сестер из 9 сельских школ. Для каждой медицинской сестры анализировались 10 дней наблюдения, всего 140 наблюдений «медицинская сестра-день» и 14112 последовательных записей общей продолжительностью 76389 минут. Доли рабочего времени по видам деятельности рассчитывали с учетом длительности интервалов. Для оценки различий и неопределенности использовали кластерный bootstrap, permutation test, коэффициент Спирмена и mixed-effects модели с учётом повторных наблюдений. Статистический анализ выполнен в R 4.5.2.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Медианная продолжительность наблюдаемого рабочего дня составила 540 [540-595] минут. Наиболее крупным видом деятельности была бумажная административная работа (32,3 %), далее следовали личные перерывы (19,5 %), клиническая работа (11,6 %) и работа в информационных системах (10,2 %). Административная доля между школами варьировала от 32,2 % до 62,3 %, а клинико-профилактическая от 9,5 % до 32,9 %. Параллельная работа зарегистрирована в 27,7 % интервалов, медианная частота переключений между видами деятельности составила 2,93 в час.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Административная нагрузка в широком определении составляла 47,75% рабочего времени школьных медицинских сестер, медиана доли прямого контакта с детьми составила 14,9% [5,9–26,7], а клинико-профилактическая деятельность занимала около одной пятой общего времени. Статистически значимых различий между школами с одной и двумя медсестрами не выявлено. При планировании кадрового обеспечения следует учитывать не только численность учащихся, но и структуру задач и административную нагрузку.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. International experience shows that school nurses spend 36% of their working time working directly with children and 64% on other duties. Administrative tasks account for 22.1%, while preventive activities involving children and parents represent only 2.8%. As only 72% of these professionals are employed on a permanent basis, approaches to workload standardization need to be reconsidered. The workload structure of nurses in rural schools in Kazakhstan remains insufficiently studied, highlighting the need for a comprehensive analysis of working time allocation.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate the work time structure and the ratio of core activities among school nurses in rural schools.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A secondary statistical analysis of time-motion observation data on the work activities of 14 nurses from 9 rural schools was conducted. For each nurse, 10 observation days were analyzed, yielding a total of 140 nurse-day observations and 14,112 consecutive records with a total duration of 76,389 minutes. The proportions of working time allocated to different activities were calculated using interval duration as a weight. Cluster bootstrap, permutation tests, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and mixed-effects models accounting for repeated observations were used to assess differences and uncertainty. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.5.2.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The median duration of the observed working day was 540 [540-595] minutes. The largest proportion of time was spent on paper-based administrative work (32.3 %), followed by personal breaks (19.5 %), clinical work (11.6 %), and work in information systems (10.2 %). The administrative proportion varied between schools from 32.2 % to 62.3 %, while the clinical and preventive proportion ranged from 9.5 % to 32.9 %. Parallel work was recorded in 27.7 % of intervals, and the median frequency of switching between activities was 2.93 per hour.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Administrative workload, broadly defined, accounted for 47.75% of school nurses’ working time. The median proportion of time spent in direct contact with children was 14.9% [5.9–26.7], while clinical and preventive activities accounted for approximately one fifth of the total observed time. No statistically significant differences were found between schools with one and two nurses. Workforce planning should consider not only the number of students but also the task structure and administrative workload.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>школьная медицина</kwd><kwd>медицинская сестра</kwd><kwd>хронометраж</kwd><kwd>рабочая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>административная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>многозадачность.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>school medicine</kwd><kwd>nurse</kwd><kwd>time-motion study</kwd><kwd>workload</kwd><kwd>administrative burden</kwd><kwd>multitasking.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morse, B. L., Anderson, L., Combe, L. G., Delack, S., Ondeck, L., &amp; Homme, C. (2022). U.S. school nursing job analysis. The Journal of School Nursing, 38(2), 126-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840520930075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morse, B. L., Anderson, L., Combe, L. 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