medinfoАктуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медициныActual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine2790-12892790-1297Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет10.24412/2790-1289-2023-4-10-19medinfo-372Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL ARTICLESМутации генов, ответственных за рост и деление клеток при аденокарциноме и плоскоклеточном раке легкогоMutations of genes responsible for the growth and division of cells in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancerЕрмековаС. А.YermekovaS. A.

Ермекова Сауле Алихановна, Д.м.н., ассоц.профессор,

г. Алматы.

Ermekova Saule Alikhanovna, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor,

Almaty.

saule.yermekova@mail.ruЖанатаевБ. Т.ZhanataevB. T.

Жанатаев Бауыржан Туралыулы, магистр, старший преподаватель,

г. Алматы.

Zhanataev Bauyrzhan Turalyuly, Master's degree, Senior Lecturer,

Almaty.

СерикЕ. С.SerikE. S.

Серик Эльмира Сериккызы, магистр педагогических наук, старший преподаватель,

г. Алматы.

Serik Elmire Serikkazy, Master of Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Lecturer,

Almaty.

НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет» (КРМУ)КазахстанKazakh-Russian Medical University (KRMU)KazakhstanКаспийский университетКазахстанCaspian UniversityKazakhstan202329122023041019Copyright © Ермекова С.А., Жанатаев Б.Т., Серик Е.С., 20232023Ермекова С.А., Жанатаев Б.Т., Серик Е.С.Yermekova S.A., Zhanataev B.T., Serik E.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/372

P53 (который кодирует белок p53) является одним из наиболее часто мутирующих генов при всех раковых заболеваниях человека. Распространенные миссенс-мутации p53 отменяют его опухоль-подавляющую функцию и приводят к развитию рака GOF.Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования являлись образцы плоскоклеточного рака, аденокарцином легких и прилегающих здоровых тканей, взятые из послеоперационного материалау онкологических больных. Методы включали полимеразную цепную реакцию фрагментов гена p53 и HRAS, а также комплементарных ДНК (c-DNA) копий мРНК p53, p21Waf 1, MDM2 и анализа мутаций с помощью эндонуклеаз EcoR 1 и Pst1 по наличию сайтов рестрикции.Результаты. Анализировали наличие мутаций после амплификации фрагментов генов p53 и HRAS, а также мРНК p53, p21Waf1 и MDM2 в раковых и прилегающих тканях в 100 образцах опухолевых и нормальных прилегающих тканях. Половина образцов плоскоклеточного рака и аденокарциномы легких не содержали продуктов экспрессии генов p53 или p21Waf1. Мутации выявлены в 100 % и 85 % образцов плоскоклеточного рака в 12 и 61 кодонах гена HRAS и в 75 % и 50 % образцов аденокарциномы легких, соответственно.Заключение. Мутации, обнаруженные в большинстве образцов плоскоклеточного рака и аденокарциномы легких, позволяют с помощью таких тестов диагностировать заболевание, прогнозировать его тяжесть и эффективность целевой терапии.

P53 (encoding the p53 protein) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in all human cancer diseases. Common missense mutations of p53 abolish its tumor-suppressing function (gain-of-function, GOF)and lead to the development of GOF cancer.Materials and Methods. The study focused on samples of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the lungs, and adjacent healthy tissues obtained from postoperative material of cancer patients.Methods included polymerase chain reaction of p53 and HRAS gene fragments, as well as complementary DNA (c-DNA) copies of p53, p21Waf1, MDM2, and mutation analysis using EcoR1 and Pst1 endonucleases based on restriction site presence.Results. The presence of mutations was analyzed after amplification of p53 and HRAS gene fragments, as well as p53, p21Waf1, and MDM2 mRNA in cancerous and adjacent tissues in 100 samples of tumor and normal adjacent tissues. Half of the SCC and ADC lung samples did not contain expression products of p53 or p21Waf1 genes. Mutations were detected in 100 % and 85 % of SCC samples in 12 and61 codons of the HRAS gene, and in 75 % and 50 % of ADC samples, respectively.Conclusion. Mutations found in the majority of SCC and ADC samples allow diagnosing the disease, predicting its severity, and assessing the effectiveness of targeted therapy through such tests.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.