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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medinfo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2790-1289</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-1297</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.64854/2790-1289-2026-53-3-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medinfo-617</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ СЛОЖИВШИЕСЯ И СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ КРИТЕРИИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ АУТИЗМА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HISTORICAL AND MODERN CRITERIA FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM (analytical literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-2565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ешимбетова</surname><given-names>С. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yeshimbetova</surname><given-names>Saida</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, Профессор, заведующая кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry and Narcology at the NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.eshimbetova@medkrmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-1822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Распопова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Raspopova</surname><given-names>Natalya</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, Ассоциированный профессор, кафедра психиатрии и наркологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Narcology at the NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raspopova.dis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7752-4027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокшинова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokshinova</surname><given-names>Oksana</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, Старший преподаватель кафедры психиатрии и наркологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Psychiatry and Narcology at the NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Okokshinova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0996-1672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халина</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalina</surname><given-names>Kamila</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Резидент специальности «Психиатрия взрослая, детская», кафедра психиатрии и наркологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident in Adult and Child Psychiatry specialization at the NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kamila.khalina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5431-2851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердибекова</surname><given-names>Э. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdibekova</surname><given-names>Elvira</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Резидент специальности «Психиатрия взрослая, детская», кафедра психиатрии и наркологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident in Adult and Child Psychiatry specialization at the NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eberdibekova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1008-7865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мансурова</surname><given-names>З. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mansurove</surname><given-names>Zulfiya</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Резидент специальности «Психиатрия взрослая, детская», кафедра психиатрии и наркологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident in Adult and Child Psychiatry specialization at the NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mansurovazulfiya08@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3844-3284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ергали</surname><given-names>Ж. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ergaly</surname><given-names>Zhanerke</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Резидент специальности «Психиатрия взрослая, детская», кафедра психиатрии и наркологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident in Adult and Child Psychiatry specialization at the NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanerkergaly@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3003-0216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Османова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmanova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Резидент специальности «Психиатрия взрослая, детская», кафедра психиатрии и наркологии НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», г. Алматы, Республика Казахстан.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident in Adult and Child Psychiatry specialization at the NEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadezhda.osman@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», Казахстан, Алматы</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Kazakh-Russian Medical University», Almaty, Kazakhstan.</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>617</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ешимбетова С., Распопова Н., Кокшинова О., Халина К., Бердибекова Э., Мансурова З., Ергали Ж., Османова Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ешимбетова С., Распопова Н., Кокшинова О., Халина К., Бердибекова Э., Мансурова З., Ергали Ж., Османова Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yeshimbetova S., Raspopova N., Kokshinova O., Khalina K., Berdibekova E., Mansurove Z., Ergaly Z., Osmanova N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/617">https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/617</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Рост регистрируемой распространенности расстройств аутистического спектра среди детей подчеркивает значимость раннего выявления и точной диагностики. Анализ развития представлений об аутизме позволяет проследить формирование клинических критериев и подходов к оказанию помощи.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать развитие концепции аутизма и диагностических критериев расстройств аутистического спектра, рассматривая исторические изменения классификаций и современные подходы к диагностике у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен аналитический обзор литературы с поиском публикаций в ScienceDirect, MEDLINE/PubMed, CyberLeninka, eLibrary и Google Scholar. Рассмотрены публикации по истории изучения аутизма, его клиническим проявлениям и диагностике, документы Всемирной организации здравоохранения и эпидемиологические данные сети мониторинга аутизма и нарушений развития США. Сопоставлены диагностические подходы в различных редакциях Международной классификации болезней и Диагностического и статистического руководства по психическим расстройствам.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Рассмотренные источники отражают переход от ранних клинических описаний аутизма к его выделению в самостоятельную диагностическую категорию и последующему формированию спектрального подхода. В DSM-5 и DSM-5-TR диагностика основывается на сочетании стойких нарушений социальной коммуникации и взаимодействия с ограниченными, повторяющимися формами поведения при соблюдении дополнительных диагностических требований. В международном классификаторе болезней-11 используются спецификаторы интеллектуального развития и функциональной речи. Неоднородность клинических проявлений и сопутствующие нарушения усложняют дифференциальную диагностику. Рост регистрируемой распространенности требует учета различий в методах выявления и обследуемых популяциях.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Современная диагностика расстройств аутистического спектра требует оценки всех диагностических критериев, истории развития ребенка, интеллектуального и речевого функционирования, а также сопутствующих состояний. Спектральный подход способствует описанию клинической неоднородности, но не отменяет необходимости дифференциальной диагностики. Раннее выявление и индивидуализированная междисциплинарная помощь важны для адаптации и социального функционирования детей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The analysis of modern literature data shows that in recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of children worldwide suffering from autism spectrum disorders. This trend raises concerns among mental health professionals and highlights the need for further research into the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders. To date, issues related to diagnostic criteria for these developmental disorders remain controversial and continue to provoke debates among scientists and practitioners. The analytical literature review presented in this article makes it possible to trace the historical stages of the formation of clinical criteria for these disorders, which form the basis for developing assistance measures for this population. The historically accumulated knowledge about autism spectrum disorders can serve as a foundation for further research in this field, contributing to the improvement of diagnosis and therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расстройство аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>аутизм</kwd><kwd>синдром Аспергера</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>массовый скрининг.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autism</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorder</kwd><kwd>Asperger syndrome</kwd><kwd>autism screening</kwd><kwd>autism history.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filippova, N. V., &amp; Barylnik, Yu. B. (2014). Epidemiologiya autizma: Sovremennyy vzglyad na problemu. Social and Clinical Psychiatry, 24(3), 96-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippova N.V., Barylnik Y.B. 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