medinfoАктуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медициныActual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine2790-12892790-1297Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет10.24412/2790-1289-2025-1-141-152medinfo-631Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVEWSКЛИНИКО-ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА И ОЦЕНКА ПРЕДИКТОРОВ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИММУНОСУПРЕССИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АУТОИММУННЫМ ГЕПАТИТОМCLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION OF PREDICTORS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIShttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-1452АшимоваН. А.AshimovaN. A.

Ашимова Назугум Адилжанкизи – докторант 1-го года, ассистент кафедры гастроэнтерологии, НАО «Казахский национальный медицинский университет им. С. Д. Асфендиярова»

г. Алматы

Nazugum Adilzhankyzy Ashimova – 1st-year doctoral student, Assistant at the Department of Gastroenterology, S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University

Almaty

nazugumashimova90@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-3966НерсесовА. В.NersesovA. V.

Нерсесов Александр Витальевич – доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедры гастроэнтерологии, НАО «Казахский национальный медицинский университет им. С. Д. Асфендиярова»

г. Алматы

Alexander Vitalyevich Nersesov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Gastroenterology, S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University

Almaty

alexander.nersesov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5629-3848ГайнутдинА. Е.GainutdinA. E.

Гайнутдин Айсулу Ермековна – ассистент кафедры гастроэнтерологии, НАО «Казахский национальный медицинский университет им. С. Д. Асфендиярова»

г. Алматы

Aisulu Yermekovna Gainutdin – Assistant at the Department of Gastroenterology, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University

Almaty

aisulu_gainutdin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-1622-2962УсеноваТ. Р.UsenovaT. R.

Усенова Тахмина Рустамовна – резидент 1-го года кафедры гастроэнтерологии, врач педиатр, АО КазНМУ им. С. Д.Асфендиярова

г. Алматы

Takhmina Rustamovna Usenova – 1st-year resident at the Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatrician, S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University

Almaty

paltakhunovat@gmail.comНАО «Казахский национальный медицинский университет им. С. Д. Асфендиярова»; Институт гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и метаболизма «Interna clinic»КазахстанNAO «Kazakh National Medical University named after S. D. Asfendiyarov»; Institute of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Metabolism "Interna clinic" LLPKazakhstan20253103202501141152Copyright © Ашимова Н.А., Нерсесов А.В., Гайнутдин А.Е., Усенова Т.Р., 20252025Ашимова Н.А., Нерсесов А.В., Гайнутдин А.Е., Усенова Т.Р.Ashimova N.A., Nersesov A.V., Gainutdin A.E., Usenova T.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/631Актуальность

Актуальность. Аутоиммунный гепатит – это иммуноопосредованное воспалительное заболевание печени неясной этиологии, которое может поражать людей любого возраста, пола и этнической принадлежности. Заболеваемость среди взрослого населения в целом колеблется от 0,67 до 2 на 100 000 человек в зависимости от географического положения.

Аутоиммунный гепатит в основном поражает молодой, трудоспособный контингент и имеет неуклонно-прогрессирующие течение. Примерно у 1/3 взрослых и 1/2 детей на момент обращения за медицинской помощью имеется тяжелый фиброз или цирроз печени, что в свою очередь увеличивает случаи инвалидности и смертности.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования: отразить актуальные данные о клинико-иммунологических особенностях и анализе факторов, влияющих на эффективность иммуносупрессивной терапии у пациентов с аутоиммунным гепатитом во всем мире.

Методы и материалы

Методы и материалы. Были проанализированы англоязычные публикации в базе данных PubMed, Google Scholar и GoogleAcademia за период с 1993-2024 гг.

Результаты

Результаты. Выявление прогностических факторов неблагоприятного течения. Аутоиммунный гепатит играет решающую роль в оптимизации терапии: клинические предикторы, лабораторные маркеры, сопутствующие заболевания.

Выводы

Выводы. Данный литературный обзор раскрывает ключевые аспекты в лечении аутоиммунного гепатита и отмечает необходимость персонализированного подхода к терапии с учетом прогностических факторов и предикторов эффективности иммуносупрессивной терапии.

Autoimmune hepatitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease of unknown etiology that can affect individuals of any age, gender, or ethnicity. The incidence among the adult population varies between 0.67 and 2 per 100,000 people, depending on geographical location.

Autoimmune hepatitis primarily affects young, working-age individuals and follows a steadily progressive course. At the time of seeking medical attention, approximately one-third of adults and half of children already have severe fibrosis or liver cirrhosis, which in turn increases the rates of disability and mortality.

The aim of the study was to reflect current data on clinical and immunological features and the analysis of factors affecting the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis worldwide.

Methods and materials

Methods and materials. The English–language publications in the PubMed, Google Scholar and Google Academia databases for the period from 1993 to 2024 were analyzed.

Results

Results. The identification of prognostic factors of an unfavorable course of AH plays a crucial role in optimizing therapy: clinical predictors, laboratory markers, concomitant diseases.

Conclusions

Conclusions. This literature review reveals key aspects in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis and highlights the need for a personalized approach to therapy, taking into account prognostic factors and predictors of the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.