<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medinfo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2790-1289</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-1297</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2790-1289-2025-1-47-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medinfo-633</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ НОВЫХ КРИТЕРИЕВ ДИАГНОСТИКИ РАССЕЯННОГО СКЛЕРОЗА 2024 Г. В ПРАКТИКУ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОГО КАБИНЕТА В ГОРОДЕ АЛМАТЫ (серия клинических случаев)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INTEGRATION OF THE NEW 2024 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS INTO THE PRACTICE OF A SPECIALIZED CLINIC IN ALMATY (a series of clinical cases)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5285-8469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каменова</surname><given-names>С. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamenova</surname><given-names>S. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каменова Салтанат Уалиханкызы – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры ОВП-2</p><p>+7701 758 08 90</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kamenova Saltanat Ualikhanovna – doctor of medical sciences, professor of the Department of OVPO 2 of Kaznmu named after S. D. Asfendiyarov</p><p>+7701 758 08 90</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.kamenova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-5624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кужыбаева</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzhbaeva</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кожыбаева Карлыгаш Кенжеахметкызы – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, руководитель кабинета аутоиммунных, дегенеративных, демиелинизирующих, орфанных болезней нервной системы</p><p>+7 701 226 23 57</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kozhybayeva Karlygash Kenzheakhmetovna – candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Office of autoimmune, degenerative, demyelinating, orphan diseases of the nervous system of the DBK of Almaty</p><p>+7 701 226 23 57</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.kuzhibaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-0263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондыбаева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondybaeva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондыбаева Аида Мураткызы – PhD, руководитель научно-образовательного центра «Неврологии и прикладных нейронаук»</p><p>+7 701 716 7979</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kondybayeva Aida Muratovna – PhD, Head of the scientific and educational center «neurology and Applied Neurosciences», Kaznmu named after S. D. Asfendiyarov</p><p>+7 701 716 7979</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.kondybayeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7761-8454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оспанбекова</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ospanbekova</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оспанбекова Дана Манарбековна – магистр медицины, научный сотрудник научно-образовательного центра «Неврологии и прикладных нейронаук»</p><p>+7 707 114 03 91</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ospanbekova Dana Manarbekovna – master of Medicine, researcher of the scientific and educational center «neurology and Applied Neurosciences» Kaznmu named after S. D. Asfendiyarov</p><p>+7 707 114 03 91</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ospanbekova.70@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НАО «Казахский национальный медицинский университет имени&#13;
С. Д. Асфендиярова»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">NAO «Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov»<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">КГП на ПХВ «Центр первичной медико-санитарной помощи Медеуского района» Управления общественного здравоохранения города Алматы<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State-owned public enterprise with the rights of economic management «Primary Health Care Center of Medeu District» of the Public Health Department of Almaty<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каменова С.У., Кужыбаева К.К., Кондыбаева А.М., Оспанбекова Д.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каменова С.У., Кужыбаева К.К., Кондыбаева А.М., Оспанбекова Д.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kamenova S.U., Kuzhbaeva K.K., Kondybaeva A.M., Ospanbekova D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/633">https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/633</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Рассеянный склероз представляет собой сложное хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы, сопровождающееся разрушением миелина и нарушением передачи нервных импульсов. Диагностика РС остаётся сложной задачей, особенно в свете необходимости дифференциации от других заболеваний. Даже при наличии подозрения на рассеянный склероз, новые критерии требуют доказательства диссеминации очагов в пространстве и времени, а также исключения других патологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Рассмотреть наш опыт интеграции обновлённых диагностических критериев рассеянного склероза 2024 года в клиническую практику специализированного кабинета в городе Алматы.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и материалы</title><p>Методы и материалы. Описаны особенности применения современных методов диагностики, включая использование магнитно-резонансной томографии, анализа биомаркеров (например, свободных каппа-легких цепей – к-FLC), оптической когерентной томографии и оценки центрального венозного знака.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В статье представлены клинические случаи, отражающие диагностические сложности и подчёркивающие значимость современных подходов для повышения точности диагностики и своевременного начала лечения. Отмечена необходимость комплексного и индивидуализированного ведения пациентов, способствующего улучшению прогноза и качества жизни.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Необходимо продолжать развитие диагностических возможностей специализированных кабинетов рассеянного склероза, а также усиливать подготовку специалистов с целью повышения качества оказания медицинской помощи.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Multiple sclerosis is a complex chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, accompanied by the destruction of myelin and impaired transmission of nerve impulses. Diagnosing MS remains a diﬃcult task, especially in light of the need to diﬀerentiate from other diseases. Even if there is a suspicion of multiple sclerosis, the new criteria require proof of the dissemination of foci in space and time, as well as the exclusion of other pathologies.</p></sec><sec><title>Goal</title><p>Goal. To review our experience of integrating the updated diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis in 2024 into the clinical practice of a specialized oﬃce in Almaty.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p>Methods and materials. The features of the application of modern diagnostic methods are described, including the use of magnetic resonance imaging, analysis of biomarkers (for example, free kappa-light chains - k–FLC), optical coherence tomography and assessment of the central venous sign.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The article presents clinical cases reﬂecting diagnostic diﬃculties and emphasizing the importance of modern approaches to improve diagnostic accuracy and timely initiation of treatment. The need for comprehensive and individualized patient management was noted, contributing to an improvement in prognosis and quality of life.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. It is necessary to continue developing the diagnostic capabilities of specialized multiple sclerosis rooms, as well as strengthen the training of specialists in order to improve the quality of medical care.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>диагностические критерии 2024</kwd><kwd>МРТ</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>центральный венозный знак</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>2024 diagnostic criteria</kwd><kwd>MRI</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>central vein sign</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filippi M., Bar-Or A., Piehl F., Preziosa P., Solari A., Vukusic S., etc. Multiple sclerosis // Nature Reviews Disease Primers. – 2018. – Vol 4(1). – P. 43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippi, M., Bar-Or, A., Piehl, F., Preziosa, P., Solari, A., Vukusic, S., et al. (2018). Multiple sclerosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 4(1), 43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0007-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filippi M., Preziosa P., Banwell B. L., Barkhof F., Ciccarelli O., De Stefano N., etc.Assessment of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: practical guidelines // Brain. – 2019. – Vol. 142 (7). – P. 1858-1875.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippi, M., Preziosa, P., Banwell, B. L., Barkhof, F., Ciccarelli, O., De Stefano, N., et al. (2019). Assessment of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: Practical guidelines. Brain, 142(7), 1858-1875. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson A. J., Banwell B. L., Barkhof F., Carroll W. M., Coetzee T., Comi G., etc. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria // The Lancet Neurology. – 2018. – Vol. 17 (2). – P. 162-173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson, A. J., Banwell, B. L., Barkhof, F., Carroll, W. M., Coetzee, T., Comi, G., et al. (2018). Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. The Lancet Neurology, 17(2), 162-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montalban X. 2024 Revisions of the McDonald Criteria // Proceedings of the ECTRIMS Congress; September 18-20, 2024; Copenhagen, Denmark. Scientiﬁc session 1: New diagnostic criteria.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montalban, X. (2024, September 18–20). 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Proceedings of the ECTRIMS Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark. Scientiﬁc session 1: New diagnostic criteria.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geraldes R., Ciccarelli O., Barkhof F., De Stefano N., Enzinger C., Filippi M., etc. The current role of MRI in diﬀerentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics // Nature Reviews Neurology. – 2018. – Vol. 14 (4). – P. 199-213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geraldes, R., Ciccarelli, O., Barkhof, F., De Stefano, N., Enzinger, C., Filippi, M., et al. (2018). The current role of MRI in diﬀerentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics. Nature Reviews Neurology, 14(4), 199-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-018-0001-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scharf A., Gombos E., Alvarez E., et al. Application of 2024 McDonald Criteria to individuals with atypical and radiological only presentations in a multicenter diagnostic biomarker study // Proceedings of the ACTRIMS Forum; February 27 – March 1, 2025; West Palm Beach, USA. Abstract LB1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scharf, A., Gombos, E., Alvarez, E., et al. (2025, February 27–March 1). Application of 2024 Mc-Donald Criteria to individuals with atypical and radiological-only presentations in a multicenter diagnostic biomarker study. Proceedings of the ACTRIMS Forum, West Palm Beach, FL. Abstract LB1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CAVS-MS Advances Quest to Improve the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. News release // Cleveland Clinic. – 2024. – URL: https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/cavs-ms-advances-quest-toimprove-the-diagnosis-of-multiple-sclerosis (Accessed: 12.01.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cleveland Clinic. (2024). CAVS-MS advances quest to improve the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis [News release]. Retrieved January 12, 2025, from https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/cavs-ms-advances-quest-to-improve-the-diagnosis-of-multiple-sclerosis.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeshokumar A. K., Narula S., Banwell B. Pediatric multiple sclerosis // Current Opinion in Neurology. – 2017. – Vol 30 (3). – P. 216-221. – DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000452.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeshokumar, A. K., Narula, S., &amp; Banwell, B. (2017). Pediatric multiple sclerosis. Current Opinion in Neurology, 30(3), 216-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000452.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi M., Liu Y., Gong Q., Xu X. Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Serological Biomarkers // Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. – 2024. – Vol. 2024. Atricle No. 7372789. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7372789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi, M., Liu, Y., Gong, Q., &amp; Xu, X. (2024). Multiple sclerosis: An overview of epidemiology, risk factors, and serological biomarkers. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 2024, 7372789. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7372789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magyari M., Joensen H., Kopp T.I., Pontieri L., Koch-Henriksen N. Changes in prognosis of the Danish multiple sclerosis population over time // Multiple Sclerosis. – 2022. – Vol 28 (14) – P. 2190-2201. – DOI: 10.1177/13524585221110582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magyari, M., Joensen, H., Kopp, T. I., Pontieri, L., &amp; Koch-Henriksen, N. (2022). Changes in prognosis of the Danish multiple sclerosis population over time. Multiple Sclerosis, 28(14), 2190–2201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585221110582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Portaccio E., Magyari M., Havrdova E.K., et al. Multiple sclerosis: emerging epidemiological trends and redeﬁning the clinical course // Lancet Regional Health – Europe. – 2024. – Article No. 44100977. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Portaccio, E., Magyari, M., Havrdova, E. K., et al. (2024). Multiple sclerosis: Emerging epidemiological trends and redeﬁning the clinical course. Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 44100977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
