medinfoАктуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медициныActual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine2790-12892790-1297Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет10.64854/2790-1289-2025-49-3-01medinfo-799Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL ARTICLESКОГНИТИВНЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ И ДЕМЕНЦИЯ ПРИ БОЛЕЗНИ ПАРКИНСОНАCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA IN PARKINSON'S DISEASEhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-0263КондыбаеваА.KondybayevaA.

PhD, руководитель научно-образовательного центра «Неврологии и прикладных нейронаук», КазНМУ им С. Д. Асфендиярова,

 Алматы

PhD, Head of the Scientific and Educational Center of Neurology and Applied Neuroscience, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University,

Almaty

dr.kondybayeva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5285-8469КаменоваС.KamenovaS.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры ОВП-2, КазНМУ им С. Д. Асфендиярова 

Алматы

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Family Medicine-2, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University,

Almaty

dr.kamenova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-5624КужыбаеваК.KuzhybayevaK.

к.м.н., доцент, руководитель кабинета аутоиммунных, дегенеративных, демиелинизирующих, орфанных болезней нервной системы УОЗ г. Алматы, 

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department for Autoimmune, Degenerative, Demyelinating and Orphan Diseases of the Nervous System, Public Health Department of Almaty

dr.kuzhibaeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-7761-8454ОспанбековаД.OspanbekovaD.

магистр медицины, научный сотрудник научно-образовательного центра «Неврологии и прикладных нейронаук» КазНМУ им С. Д. Асфендиярова,

Алматы

Master of Medicine, Researcher at the Scientific and Educational Center of Neurology and Applied Neuroscience, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University,

Almaty

ospanbekova.70@mail.ruКенебаеваС.KenebayevaS.

директор КГП на ПХВ «Центр первичной медико-санитарной помощи Медеуского района» Управления общественного здравоохранения города Алматы

Director of the State Enterprise «Primary Health Care Center of Medeu District» of the Public Health Department of Almaty, Kazakhstan

dr.kuzhibaeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-6948СадуакасоваК.SaduakasovaK.

к.м.н., доцент, кафедры ОВП, КазНУ имени Аль-Фараби,

Алматы

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,

Almaty

kasy-haus@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-7839ЖанузаковМ.ZhanuzakovM.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры ОВП, КазНУ имени Аль-Фараби,

Алматы

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,

Almaty

dr.zhanuzakov@mail.ruНАО «Казахский Национальный медицинский университет имени С. Д. Асфендиярова»КазахстанNJSC “Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University”, Almaty, KazakhstanKazakhstanНАО «Казахский Национальный медицинский университет имени С. Д. Асфендиярова»КазахстанNJSC “Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University”, AlmatyKazakhstanНАО «Казахский Национальный медицинский университет имени С. Д. Асфендиярова», ГКП «Центр первичной медико-санитарной помощи Медеуского района» Управления здравоохранения г. АлматыКазахстанSCE “Primary Health Care Center of Medeu District”, Public Health Department of AlmatyKazakhstanГКП «Центр первичной медико-санитарной помощи Медеуского района» Управления здравоохранения г. АлматыКазахстан«Primary Health Care Center of Medeu District» of the Public Health Department of AlmatyKazakhstanНАО «Казахский Национальный Университет имени Аль-Фараби»КазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanНАО «Казахский Национальный Университет имени Аль-Фараби»КазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National University AlmatyKazakhstan202525092025031330Copyright © Кондыбаева А., Каменова С., Кужыбаева К., Оспанбекова Д., Кенебаева С., Садуакасова К., Жанузаков М., 20252025Кондыбаева А., Каменова С., Кужыбаева К., Оспанбекова Д., Кенебаева С., Садуакасова К., Жанузаков М.Kondybayeva A., Kamenova S., Kuzhybayeva K., Ospanbekova D., Kenebayeva S., Saduakasova K., Zhanuzakov M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/799

Когнитивные нарушения являются одним из наиболее частых и инвалидизирующих проявлений болезни Паркинсона. Они существенно снижают качество жизни пациентов и их семей, а также увеличивают риск утраты трудоспособности и социальной зависимости. Ранняя диагностика когнитивного дефицита имеет важное значение для своевременного вмешательства и замедления прогрессирования деменции.

Цель. Определить распространенность когнитивных нарушений и факторов риска их прогрессирования до деменции у пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона.Методы. В исследование были включены 106 пациентов, наблюдавшихся амбулаторно в клиниках Алматы. Диагноз болезн Паркинсона был подтвержден по международным критериям. Когнитивный статус оценивали с помощью шкал MMSE и MoCA, степень тяжести заболевания – по шкале Хен и Яра и шкале повседневной активности Шваба и Ингленда.Результаты. Мягкие когнитивные нарушения выявлены у 26,4% пациентов, деменция – у 34,9 %, отсутствие нарушений – у 38,7 %. Более выраженное снижение когнитивных функций чаще наблюдалось у пациентов старшего возраста, с низким уровнем образования, длительностью болезни более 10 лет и акинетико-ригидным типом течения. Регрессионный анализ выявил предикторы деменции: дебют заболевания после 60 лет, длительность болезни свыше 19 лет, низкий уровеньобразования и выраженные двигательные нарушения.Выводы. Когнитивные расстройства при болезни Паркинсона встречаются часто и прогрессируют с течением заболевания. Ранняя диагностика и регулярный мониторинг когнитивных функций позволяют замедлить развитие деменции и повысить качество жизни пациентов.

Cognitive impairment is one of the most frequent and disabling non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease. It significantly reduces patients' quality of life, increases caregiver burden, and contributes to loss of independence. Early identification of cognitive decline is crucial for timely intervention and prevention of dementia progression.

The purpose of the study

The purpose of the study. To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and identify predictors of progression to dementia among patients with Parkinson's disease.

Material and Methods

Material and Methods. A total of 106 patients with PD were examined and followed in outpatient clinics in Almaty. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was confirmed according to international criteria. Cognitive status was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Disease severity was evaluated using the Hoehn and Yahr scale and the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale. Demographic and clinical parameters, including age, education level, disease duration, and motor subtype, were analyzed.

Results

Results. Mild cognitive impairment was identified in 26.4% of patients, dementia in 34.9%, and no cognitive impairment in 38.7%. More pronounced cognitive decline was more common among older patients, those with lower educational attainment, disease duration over 10 years, and the akinetic-rigid subtype of Parkinson's disease. Regression analysis revealed the key predictors of dementia: disease onset after age 60, duration exceeding 19 years, low education level, and severe motor deficit.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Cognitive impairment is common among Parkinson's disease patients and tends to progress with disease duration and severity. Early detection and systematic monitoring of cognitive functions are essential for implementing preventive measures, slowing dementia progression, and improving the quality of life of individuals with Parkinson's disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.