medinfoАктуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медициныActual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine2790-12892790-1297Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет10.64854/2790-1289-2025-49-3-05medinfo-827Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL ARTICLESОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ-ШКОЛЬНИКОВ, В ТОМ ЧИСЛЕ С ОСОБЫМИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫМИ ПОТРЕБНОСТЯМИ, ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ОСМОТРОВASSESSMENT OF THE HEALTH STATUS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, INCLUDING THOSE WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS, BASED ON THE RESULTS OF MEDICAL EXAMINATIONShttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-7188-5895ЕлжановаЗ. Н.YelzhanovaZ. N.zulfiy986@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-9264-8823ТурсунА. О.TursunA. O.a.tursun@medkrmu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-661XЖубанышеваК. Б.ZhubanyshevaK. B.karlygash77@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-9367-0884ОракбайЛ. Ж.OrakbayL. Zh.l.orakbai@medkrmu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1140-1064ТөлегенТ. Б.TolegenT. B.togzhans.tolegen@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0368-4773ХитуоваЛ. К.KhituovaL. K.khituovalk@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-9611-1580КачуринаД. Р.KachurinaD. R.dilarakachurina@gmail.comНУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»КазахстанNEI «Kazakh-Russian Medical University»Kazakhstan202525092025037689Copyright © Елжанова З.Н., Турсун А.О., Жубанышева К.Б., Оракбай Л.Ж., Төлеген Т.Б., Хитуова Л.К., Качурина Д.Р., 20252025Елжанова З.Н., Турсун А.О., Жубанышева К.Б., Оракбай Л.Ж., Төлеген Т.Б., Хитуова Л.К., Качурина Д.Р.Yelzhanova Z.N., Tursun A.O., Zhubanysheva K.B., Orakbay L.Z., Tolegen T.B., Khituova L.K., Kachurina D.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/827

Школьный возраст является ключевым периодом формирования здоровья и факторов риска будущих заболеваний, вопросы охраны здоровья детей школьного возраста имеют критически важное значение для системы здравоохранения и образования, а также определяет качество жизни, трудовой и социальный потенциал народа.

Цель

Цель: оценить динамику охвата профилактическими медицинскими осмотрами и выявляемости ключевых патологий у школьников (0-9 классы) в Республике Казахстан за 2016-2024 гг., включая влияние пандемии COVID-19, и выявить взаимосвязи между нарушениями.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: Ретроспективный анализ официальной отчётности по форме № 31 Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан. Обработаны данные по охвату, абсолютным и интенсивным показателям (на 10 000 осмотренных) для нарушений слуха, зрения, речи, сколиоза, осанки и нервно-психических отклонений. Применены описательная статистика, линейная регрессия для трендов и корреляция Пирсона (p <0,05). Расчёты в IBM SPSS 25.0 и JASP 0.19.3.

Результаты

Результаты: Охват осмотрами составил в среднем 97,8 % в предпандемийный период, снизился до 86,6 % в 2020 г. и восстановился до 93,9 % к 2024 г. Выявляемость нарушений зрения снизилась с 229,23 до 165,03 на 10 000 (наклон –8,26; p < 0,001); сколиоза – с 32,39 до 25,44 (–1,01; p < 0,01); осанки – с 45,87 до 30,98 (–1,42; p < 0,05); нервно-психических отклонений – с 49,80 до 14,59 (–4,31; p < 0,001). Стабильны показатели речи и слуха. Корреляции между нарушениями высокие (r = 0,763-0,956; p <0,01).

Выводы

Выводы: Системный скрининг эффективен в снижении бремени патологий, но требует усиления в постпандемийный период. Рекомендуется мультидисциплинарный подход и цифровизация для регионов.

School age is a key period in the formation of health and risk factors for future diseases, the issues of protecting the health of school-age children are critically important for the health and education system, and also determines the quality of life, labor and social potential of the people.

Objective

Objective: To evaluate the dynamics of coverage by preventive medical examinations and the detection of key pathologies among schoolchildren (grades 0-9) in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2016 to 2024, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify interrelationships between disorders.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of official reporting under Form No. 31 from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Data on coverage, absolute and intensive indicators (per 10,000 examined) for hearing impairments, vision impairments, speech defects, scoliosis, posture disorders, and neuropsychiatric deviations were processed. Descriptive statistics, linear regression for trends, and Pearson correlation (p < 0.05) were applied. Calculations were performed using IBM SPSS 25.0 and JASP 0.19.3.

Results

Results: Examination coverage averaged 97.8 % in the pre-pandemic period, dropped to 86.6 % in 2020, and recovered to 93.9 % by 2024. Detection rates for vision impairments decreased from 229.23 to 165.03 per 10,000 (slope –8.26; p < 0.001); for scoliosis, from 32.39 to 25.44 (–1.01; p < 0.01); for posture disorders, from 45.87 to 30.98 (–1.42; p < 0.05); and for neuropsychiatric deviations, from 49.80 to 14.59 (–4.31; p < 0.001). Indicators for speech and hearing remained stable. Correlations between disorders were high (r = 0.763–0.956; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Conclusions: Systemic screening effectively reduces the burden of pathologies but requires reinforcement in the post-pandemic period. A multidisciplinary approach and digitalization for regional areas are recommended.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.