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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medinfo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2790-1289</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-1297</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.64854/2790-1289-2026-53-3-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medinfo-828</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НОРМАТИВНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О ТРУДОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГИПОБАРИЧЕСКОЙ ГИПОКСИИ НА ВЫСОКОГОРЬЕ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NORMATIVE FRAMEWORKS AND INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE ON OCCUPATIONAL WORK UNDER HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA IN HIGH-ALTITUDE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-1779</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сактапов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saktapov</surname><given-names>Akylbek</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры эпидемиологии, биостатистики и доказательной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer of the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and EBM</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akylbekzone@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0991-6237</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винников</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinnikov</surname><given-names>Denis</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ассоциированный профессор, заведующий института Окружающей среди и здоровья</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Head of The Environmental Health Lab</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denisvinnikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-1988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уалиева</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ualiyeva</surname><given-names>Aliya</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ассоциированный профессор кафедры эпидемиологии, биостатистики и доказательной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and EBM</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aualiyeva9@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-2505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>Zhanna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассоциированный профессор кафедры эпидемиологии, биостатистики и доказательной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and EBM</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Zhanna.Romanova@kaznu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-1789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айтамбаева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aitambayeva</surname><given-names>Nadira</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры общественного здоровья и социальных наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer of the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aitambaeva.nadira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2084-2806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарова</surname><given-names>Л. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>Laila</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры эпидемиологии, биостатистики и доказательной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer of the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and EBM</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lailanazar92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3760-9831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аханов</surname><given-names>Г. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhanov</surname><given-names>Gani</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ассоциированный профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ahanovgj@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1028-0825</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муканова</surname><given-names>О. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukanova</surname><given-names>Oryngul</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель директора по лечебной части</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Director for Medical Affairs</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mukanova.o_gol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НАО «Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби», Казахстан, Алматы</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>al-Farabi Kazakh National University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахстанский медицинский университет «ВШОЗ»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazakhstan’s Medical University “KSPH”</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НАО «Казахский национальный медицинский университет им. С. Д. Асфендиярова», Казахстан, Алматы</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>«Мангистауская центральная районная больница» Управления здравоохранения Мангистауской области, Казахстан, Мангистауская область</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mangystau Central District Hospital</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>828</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сактапов А., Винников Д., Уалиева А., Романова Ж., Айтамбаева Н., Назарова Л., Аханов Г., Муканова О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сактапов А., Винников Д., Уалиева А., Романова Ж., Айтамбаева Н., Назарова Л., Аханов Г., Муканова О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saktapov A., Vinnikov D., Ualiyeva A., Romanova Z., Aitambayeva N., Nazarova L., Akhanov G., Mukanova O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/828">https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/828</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Работа в высокогорных условиях сопряжена с воздействием гипобарической гипоксии и риском высотной болезни, нарушений сна и когнитивных функций, сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Различия национальных нормативных требований затрудняют согласование подходов к медицинскому обследованию работников.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнить отдельные нормативные правовые акты России, Казахстана и Кыргызстана, относящиеся к медицинским осмотрам работников в высокогорных условиях, и оценить их соответствие международным рекомендациям и научным данным.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проанализированы три национальных нормативных правовых акта и три международных клинических документа Wilderness Medical Society, European Society of Cardiology и British Thoracic Society. Проведён структурированный нарративный обзор с поиском в Scopus и Web of Science; в качественный синтез включены 23 научные публикации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Российский документ предусматривает пониженное давление и пониженное парциальное давление кислорода в технологически поддерживаемых условиях, однако его применимость к природному высокогорью прямо не определена. В казахстанском документе гипобарическая гипоксия не выделена как самостоятельный вредный производственный фактор. Кыргызский документ охватывает отдельные профессии в высокогорных и отдалённых районах. В рассмотренных положениях не выявлен единый алгоритм, объединяющий высотную стратификацию риска, валидированные критерии профессиональной пригодности и явно определённые категории ограничений. Международные клинические рекомендации рассматривают соответствующие риски, но не являются нормативными стандартами профессиональной пригодности. Казахстанские и кыргызские документы включают отдельные формы геморроя и грыж; нормативный контекст этих ограничений следует отличать от противопоказаний, непосредственно связанных с гипобарическим воздействием.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Необходимы уточнение определения профессионального воздействия гипобарической гипоксии и индивидуальная оценка пригодности с учётом рабочих задач. Международные рекомендации могут содействовать пересмотру требований при адаптации к профессиональным условиям.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Occupational work in high-altitude environments presents a complex array of physiological challenges and health risks due to chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Prolonged or intermittent stays at altitudes above 2,500 meters place workers at risk of acute mountain sickness, sleep and cognitive disturbances, cardiovascular stress, and long-term complications, including chronic mountain sickness and pulmonary hypertension. Despite shared physiological risks, normative regulatory acts remain heterogeneous across countries and often lag behind contemporary scientific evidence. This variability creates gaps in worker protection, complicates cross-border operations, and hampers surveillance.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the NLAs of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan regulating medical examinations of workers in high-altitude environments, and to assess their concordance with international guidelines and recent evidence.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. This comparative analysis was conducted through a comprehensive review of national and international normative frameworks, alongside scientific literature and clinical guidelines related to occupational work under hypobaric hypoxia in high-altitude environments. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The analysis revealed discrepancies between formal lists of contraindications in NLAs and the current evidence based on work under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia. Russia explicitly lists hypobaric hypoxia as a harmful factor but provides general contraindications. Kazakhstan omits hypobaria, while Kyrgyzstan recognizes reduced atmospheric pressure but includes nonspecific contraindications such as hemorrhoids and hernias. International evidence emphasizes cardiovascular, respiratory, hematological, neurological, and ophthalmological risks, while conditions like hemorrhoids lack evidence-based justification.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It is advisable to update the NLAs by highlighting hypobaria as a separate factor and specifying contraindications based on international clinical guidelines. Harmonization with international clinical guidelines (Wilderness Medical Society, ESC, BTS) is necessary to ensure safety and avoid both over-restriction and under-protection.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высота над уровнем моря</kwd><kwd>гипоксия</kwd><kwd>здоровье работников</kwd><kwd>профессиональное воздействие</kwd><kwd>физикальное обследование</kwd><kwd>оценка риска</kwd><kwd>законодательство.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-altitude</kwd><kwd>hypobaric hypoxia</kwd><kwd>occupational work</kwd><kwd>public health</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">нет</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">West, J. B. (2012). High-altitude medicine. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 186, 1229-1237. 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