medinfoАктуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медициныActual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine2790-12892790-1297Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет10.64854/2790-1289-2025-50-4-02medinfo-837Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL ARTICLESЧАСТОТА И КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ ОСТРОГО ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ ПОЧЕК У ДЕТЕЙTHE FREQUENCY AND CLINICAL – LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN CHILDRENhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-6243СадыковаА. Ж.SadykovaA. Zh.

ассоциированный профессор, кафедра детские болезни им. Н.А. Барлыбаевой

sadykovaaltynay092@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-8734ТашеноваГ. Т.TashenovaG. T.tashenova.g@kaznmu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-4229-8807ТулендиеваА. Т.TulendiyevaA. T.assel_tulendieva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-5123БердияроваГ. С.BerdiyarovaG. S.sggnbbs@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7874-4275МухамедоваШ. Т.MukhamedovaSh. T.1986neonatolog@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-7324-4797КосареваС. Л.KosarevaS. L.dgkb2_dgkb2@mail.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-2444СаиранкызыС.SairankyzyS.salta3105@mail.ruНАО «Казахский Национальный Медицинский Университет имени С. Д. Асфендиярова»Казахстан«Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University»KazakhstanКГП на ПХВ «Детская Городская клиническая больница №2»Казахстан«Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 2»KazakhstanАО «Научный центр педиатрии и детской хирургии»Казахстан«Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery»KazakhstanБухарский Государственный Медицинский ИнститутУзбекистанBukhara State Medical InstituteUzbekistan202530122025042939Copyright © Садыкова А., Ташенова Г., Тулендиева А., Бердиярова Г., Мухамедова Ш., Косарева С., Саиранкызы С., 20262026Садыкова А., Ташенова Г., Тулендиева А., Бердиярова Г., Мухамедова Ш., Косарева С., Саиранкызы С.Sadykova A., Tashenova G., Tulendiyeva A., Berdiyarova G., Mukhamedova S., Kosareva S., Sairankyzy S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/837Введение

Введение. Актуальность проблемы острого повреждения почек в детском возрасте обусловлена множественными причинами возникновения, тяжестью течения острого повреждения почек и с высоким риском перехода в хроническую болезнь почек. Появляется все больше доказательств того, что острое повреждение почек у детей ассоциируется с более высокой заболеваемостью и смертностью. Оно распространено в отделениях интенсивной терапии у детей и составляет от 10 % до 35 %. В последнее время данная проблема все больше приобретает не только медицинскую значимость, но еще и социальную.

Цель

Цель. Изучить частоту острого повреждения почек и его клинико-лабораторные проявления у детей от 1 года до 17 лет.

Методы и материалы

Методы и материалы. Проведено одноцентровое ретроспективное исследование 56 случаев с установленным диагнозом острого повреждения почек в возрасте от 1 года до 17 лет. Анализ проводился с изучением стационарных карт детей на базе отделения нефрологии и отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии детской городской клинической больницы №2 г. Алматы, в период с января 2022 по декабрь 2023 г.

Результаты

Результаты. Частота острого повреждения почек у 56 детей по классификации KDIGO (2012) составила: 0 стадия – 17,8  % (10), 1 стадия – 30,5  % (17), 2 стадия – 12,5  % (7), 3 стадия – 39,2 % (22) случаев. Выявлены следующие основные клинико-лабораторные проявления острого повреждения почек: отечный синдром у 37,5 %, с преимущественной локализацией на нижних конечностях (62 %), гипертензионный синдром у 35,7 %, повышение креатинина, снижение скорости клубочковой фильтрации, гиперазотемия, повышение С-реактивного белка, протеинурия и лейкоцитурия.

 Выводы

 Выводы. С целью раннего выявления острого повреждения почек и своевременной оценки тяжести состояния детей рекомендуется использовать в практике классификацию Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (2012). Дети, которые имели эпизод острого повреждения почек 1, 2 и 3 стадии необходимо относить в группы риска по формированию хронической болезни почек.

Introduction

Introduction. Acute kidney injury in childhood is an actual issue due to its multiple causes, severity, and high risk of progression to chronic kidney disease. We can see that there is growing evidence of аcute kidney injury among children, because it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is a common condition in pediatric intensive care units, varying from 10 % to 35 % of cases. Recently, this problem has become increasingly important not only medically but also socially.

Objective

Objective: To study the incidence of аcute kidney injury and its clinical and laboratory manifestations in children aged 1 to 17 years.

Methods and Materials

Methods and Materials: This single-center retrospective study included 56 children aged 1 to 17 years with established acute kidney injury. The analysis was conducted using pediatric inpatient records from the Nephrology Department and the Intensive Care Unit of Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 2 in Almaty, from January 2022 to December 2023.

Results

Results. Acute kidney injury in 56 children was classified according to KDIGO (2012) as stage 0 in 17.8 % (10), stage 1 in 30.5 % (17), stage 2 in 12.5 % (7), and stage 3 in 39.2 % (22). The following main clinical and laboratory manifestations of acute kidney injury were identified: edema syndrome (37.5 %), predominantly localized to the lower extremities (62 %); hypertension syndrome (35.7 %); increased creatinine; decreased glomerular filtration rate; hyperazotemia; increased C-reactive protein; proteinuria; and leukocyturia.

Conclusions

Conclusions. For the early detection of acute kidney injury and timely assessment of the severity of children's condition, it is recommended to use the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes classification (2012). Children who have had an episode of acute kidney injury stages 1, 2, and 3 should be considered at group risk for developing chronic kidney disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.