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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medinfo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2790-1289</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-1297</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.64854/2790-1289-2025-50-4-09</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medinfo-877</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ФОТОПЛЕТИЗМОГРАФИИ ДЛЯ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES ON PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY IN IDENTIFYING THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-2711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бугибаева</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bugibayeva</surname><given-names>А. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-терапевт, кардиолог, докторант Казахстанский медицинский университет ВШОЗ </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akbotabugibaeva1988@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9802-0129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абзалиева</surname><given-names>С. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abzaliyeva</surname><given-names>S. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">abzaliyeva.symbat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2452-854X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абзалиев</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abzaliyev</surname><given-names>К. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">abzaliev_kuat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9193-9378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдирова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdirova</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">t_abdirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8553-5353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулейменова</surname><given-names>М. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suleimenova</surname><given-names>М. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">madekin940@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3693-185X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даткабаева</surname><given-names>М. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Datkabayeva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">datkabaeva.moldir@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахстанский медицинский университет «ВШОЗ»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazakhstan Medical University «KSPH»<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный университет имени Аль-Фараби<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Карагандинский национальный исследовательский университет имени Е.А. Букетова<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Karaganda National Research University named after E.A. Buketov<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бугибаева А., Абзалиева С., Абзалиев К., Абдирова Т., Сулейменова М., Даткабаева М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бугибаева А., Абзалиева С., Абзалиев К., Абдирова Т., Сулейменова М., Даткабаева М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bugibayeva А., Abzaliyeva S., Abzaliyev К., Abdirova Т., Suleimenova М., Datkabayeva M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/877">https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/877</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Настоящий литературный обзор посвящён современным методам оценки сердечно-сосудистого риска с использованием фотоплетизмографии и вариабельности сердечного ритма. Рассмотрены неинвазивные подходы к анализу состояния сосудистой стенки, артериальной жесткости, сердечного ритма и микроциркуляции, а также их связь с факторами риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать возможности фотоплетизмографии как неинвазивного метода раннего выявления риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и обосновать необходимость её более активного применения в клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск зарубежных и отечественных источников в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus Preview и eLibrary, CyberLeninka. посвященных методам оценки показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма и фотоплетизмографии. Глубина поиска составила 10 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Обзор выявил перспективность фотоплетизмографии и вариабельности сердечного ритма как информативных цифровых маркеров, способных отражать субклинические сосудистые изменения и предсказывать кардиоваскулярные события, при этом подчеркнуты существующие ограничения: необходимость стандартизации протоколов записи сигналов, вариабельность качества данных, отсутствие долгосрочных клинических исходов и ограниченная внешняя валидация моделей. Представленные данные подтверждают необходимость дальнейших проспективных исследований, улучшения качества сигналов, разработки интерпретируемых AI-моделей и интеграции фотоплетизмографии/вариабельности сердечного ритма с другими биомаркерами для комплексной оценки сердечно-сосудистого здоровья.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Литературный обзор показывает, что фотоплетизмография является перспективным и доступным неинвазивным методом ранней оценки сердечно-сосудистого состояния. Анализ Фотоплетизмографии-сигналов позволяет выявлять артериальную жёсткость, сосудистый тонус и другие ранние субклинические изменения, связанные с риском сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Однако, несмотря на высокий потенциал, клиническое применение метода ограничено отсутствием стандартизированных протоколов, разнородностью устройств, вариабельностью качества данных и недостаточной клинической валидацией, а также преобладанием кросс-секционных исследований без долгосрочных исходов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This literature review focuses on modern methods for assessing cardiovascular risk using photoplethysmography and heart rate variability. Non-invasive approaches to assessing vascular wall health, arterial stiffness, heart rate, and microcirculation are discussed, along with their relationships with cardiovascular risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To analyze the potential of photoplethysmography as a non-invasive method for early detection of cardiovascular risk and to justify the need for its more widespread use in clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: A search of international and domestic sources on methods for assessing heart rate variability and photoplethysmography was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, Scopus Preview, eLibrary, and Cyberleninka databases. The search period was 10 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The review revealed the potential of photoplethysmography and heart rate variability as informative digital markers that can reflect subclinical vascular changes and predict cardiovascular events. However, existing limitations are highlighted: the need for standardized signal recording protocols, variability in data quality, limited data on long-term clinical outcomes, and limited external validation of the models. The presented data support the need for further prospective studies, improved signal quality, the development of interpretable AI models, and the integration of photoplethysmography/heart rate variability with other biomarkers for a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular health.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The literature review demonstrates that photoplethysmography is a promising, accessible, non-invasive method for early assessment of cardiovascular health. Photoplethysmography signal analysis allows for the detection of arterial stiffness, vascular tone, and other early subclinical changes associated with сardiovascular diseases risk. However, despite its high potential, the clinical application of this method is limited by the lack of standardized protocols, device heterogeneity, variability in data quality, insufficient clinical validation, and the predominance of cross-sectional studies without long-term outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фотоплетизмография</kwd><kwd>вариабельность сердечного ритма</kwd><kwd>артериальная жесткость</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистый риск</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>цифровые биомаркеры.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>photoplethysmography</kwd><kwd>heart rate variability</kwd><kwd>arterial stiffness</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>digital biomarkers.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was conducted within the framework of a research project funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (No. AP19677754, «Development of markers and a diagnostic algorithm for the detection and prevention of early cardiovascular aging»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roth, G. 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