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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medinfo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы теоретической и клинической медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Actual Problems of Theoretical and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2790-1289</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-1297</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.64854/2790-1289-2026-52-2-02</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medinfo-914</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КЛИНИКО–ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ И ЭНДОСКОПИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПИЩЕВОДНЫХ КРОВОТЕЧЕНИЙ ПРИ ЦИРРОЗЕ ПЕЧЕНИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLINICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC AND LABORATORY-ENDOSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL BLEEDING DUE TO LIVER CIRRHOSIS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3043-1170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исмайлов</surname><given-names>М. K.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismailov</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исмайлов Мұса Кенжеғалиұлы – докторант НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет», врач-хирург отделения хирургии КГП на ПХВ «Городская больница скорой неотложной помощи» Управления общественного здравоохранения, Казахстан, Алматы;</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">musa_ismailov_97@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-1276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузикеев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzikeev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">a.torotot@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4036-9333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байсынов</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baisynov</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nurlan050203@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-3530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макимбетов</surname><given-names>Э. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makimbetov</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">makimbetovemil@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НУО "Казахстанско - Российский медицинский университет", КГП на ПХВ ГБСНП "Городская больница скорой неотложной помощи" Управления общественного здравоохранения<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">NEI «Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University»,&#13;
MSE on REM «City Emergency Hospital», Public Health Department of Almaty<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">NEI «Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University»<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кыргызско-Российский Славянский университет им. Первого Президента Российской Федерации Б. Н. Ельцина<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the First President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>914</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Исмайлов М., Кузикеев М., Байсынов Н., Макимбетов Э., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исмайлов М., Кузикеев М., Байсынов Н., Макимбетов Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ismailov M., Kuzikeev M., Baisynov N., Makimbetov E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/914">https://kazrosmedjournal.krmu.edu.kz/jour/article/view/914</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Вследствие постоянного повышенного давления в воротной вене, обычно развивающегося на фоне вирусного или алкоголь-ассоциированного цирроза печени, в нижнем отделе пищевода формируются варикозно расширенные вены за счет расширения подслизистого венозного сплетения. Острое кровотечение из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода представляет собой жизнеугрожающее состояние и остается одной из актуальных проблем современной гастроэнтерологии и хирургии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Провести клинико-демографическую, лабораторную и эндоскопическую характеристику пациентов с пищеводными кровотечениями, обусловленными циррозом печени, с оценкой исходов госпитализации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ клинико-демографических данных 158 пациентов с портальной гипертензией и симптомами пищеводных кровотечений. Оценивались демографические данные, этиология цирроза печени, класс тяжести по Чайлд-Пью, показатель MELD, степень кровопотери, наличие активного кровотечения при поступлении, лабораторные показатели, эндоскопические характеристики варикозных вен и исход госпитализации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что пищеводные кровотечения чаще встречались у мужчин, чем у женщин, при этом более 90 %случаев наблюдалось у пациентов старше 40 лет. В 63,9 %случаев варикозно расширенные вены локализовались в нижней трети пищевода, а тяжелая степень кровопотери была зарегистрирована у 75,3 % пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные результаты имеют важное практическое значение для определения прогноза и выбора оптимальной тактики лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Persistent elevation of portal venous pressure, most commonly resulting from viral- or alcohol-related liver cirrhosis, leads to the development of esophageal varices due to dilation of the submucosal venous plexus in the distal esophagus. Acute esophageal variceal bleeding is a life-threatening condition and remains one of the major challenges in modern gastroenterology and surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate the clinical, demographic, laboratory, and endoscopic characteristics of patients with esophageal bleeding associated with liver cirrhosis and to assess hospitalization outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and demographic data of 158 patients with portal hypertension and symptoms of esophageal bleeding. The study evaluated demographic characteristics, cirrhosis etiology, Child–Pugh class, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, severity of blood loss, presence of active bleeding on admission, laboratory findings, endoscopic characteristics of esophageal varices, and hospitalization outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Esophageal bleeding occurred more frequently in men than in women, with more than 90 %of cases observed in patients older than 40 years. Esophageal varices were most commonly located in the lower third of the esophagus (63.9%), while severe blood loss was documented in 75.3 % of patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The findings have important clinical implications for prognostic assessment and the selection of optimal treatment strategies for patients with esophageal bleeding associated with liver cirrhosis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>портальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>варикозное расширение вен пищевода</kwd><kwd>пищеводное кровотечение</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>клинико-демографические характеристики</kwd><kwd>желудочно-кишечные кровотечения</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>тактика лечения.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>portal hypertension</kwd><kwd>esophageal varices</kwd><kwd>esophageal bleeding</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>clinical and demographic characteristics</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal bleeding</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd><kwd>treatment strategy.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zia, H. A., Aby, E. 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