СОВРМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ РАБОТНИКАМ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ГОРНОДОБЫВАЮЩЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

Актуальность. Горнодобывающая промышленность относится к числу наиболее опасных отраслей и характеризуется высоким уровнем профессиональных рисков. На ее долю приходится до 8 % смертельных производственных травм. Распространенность пневмокониоза среди шахтеров достигает 3,7 %, силикоза – до 8 %, при этом в ряде регионов отмечается высокая коморбидность, включая «тройное бремя заболеваний». Данные факторы обуславливают необходимость дальнейшего изучения и совершенствования системы медицинского обеспечения работников.

Цель: анализ современных научных данных и мирового опыта организации медицинской помощи работникам горнодобывающей отрасли

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ научных публикаций за 2010-2025 гг., посвященных состоянию здоровья, профессиональным рискам и организации медицинской помощи работникам горнодобывающей промышленности. Поиск осуществлялся в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и Google Scholar. В обзор включены исследования на русском и английском языках, соответствующие тематике работы. Полученные данные систематизированы по основным направлениям исследования.

Результаты. Установлено, что работники подвергаются воздействию комплекса вредных факторов (пыль, шум, вибрация, химические вещества), что приводит к развитию профессиональных заболеваний, в том числе пневмокониоза и силикоза. В ряде регионов наблюдается феномен «тройного бремени заболеваний» (силикоз, туберкулёз, инфекционные заболевания). Кроме того, выявлена высокая распространённость психоэмоциональных нарушений, а также влияние сменного режима работы на риск травматизма. Показано, что традиционная модель медицинской помощи недостаточно эффективна и требует перехода к профилактически ориентированным подходам.

Выводы. Совершенствование организации медицинской помощи работникам горнодобывающей промышленности требует перехода к профилактически ориентированным подходам с использованием цифровых технологий и искусственного интеллекта для прогнозирования рисков ранней диагностики заболеваний.

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