ҚОРШАҒАН ОРТАДАҒЫ ҚОЛАЙСЫЗ ФАКТОРЛАРДЫҢ ХАЛЫҚ АРАСЫНДА ҚАЛҚАНША БЕЗІ ПАТОЛОГИЯСЫНЫҢ ДАМУ ЖИІЛІГІНЕ ӘСЕРІ

Қалқанша без аурулары ішкі және сыртқы факторлардың әсерінен дамиды. Қоршаған орта мен радиациялық жағдайлардың өзгеруі қалқанша безі ауруларының таралуы мен сипатының өзгеруіне әкеледі. Бұл шолу қоршаған орта әсерінің қалқанша бездің құрылымы мен қызметіне ықпалын көрсетіп, соңғы ғылыми жаңалықтар мен механизмдерді сипаттайды және қосымша зерттеуді қажет ететін бағыттарды айқындайды.

Зерттеудің мақсаты. Қоршаған ортадағы қолайсыз өндірістік факторлардың қалқанша безінің қызметіне әсерін зерттейтін ғылыми деректерді талдау.

Материалдар мен әдістер. Іздеу PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus сынды электронды дерекқорларда сәйкес терминдер мен кілт сөздер арқылы жүргізілді. Зерттеуге қоршаған ортадағы зиянды факторлардың қалқанша безінің патологиясының пайда болуына әсерін зерттейтін түпнұсқа бақылау нәтижелері енгізілді.

Нәтижелер. Ауыр металдардың (Pb, Hg, Cd, As) жоғары деңгейі қалқанша без обырының даму қаупін арттырады. Мұнай-газ өңірлерінде балалардың шаш құрамында марганец, бор, ванадий және кремнийдің жоғары мөлшері анықталып, бұл йодтың сіңуін бұзып, йод тапшылығын туғызады. Кадмий тиреотроптық гормон деңгейін төмендетіп, гипертиреоздың дамуына ықпал етеді. Радиацияға ұшыраған аймақтарда (мысалы, Чернобыль, Семей) қалқанша без түйіндерінің және аутоиммундық тиреоидиттің жиілігі жоғары. Ұсақ қатты бөлшектер (PM2.5, PM10) қалқанша без обырының қаупін арттырады, ал жүкті әйелдердің ауаның ластануына ұшырауы жаңа туған нәрестелерде Т4 деңгейінің өзгеруіне әкеледі. Органикалық және бейорганикалық ластағыштар қалқанша без гормондарының түзілуін бұзып, обыр дамуын қоздырады.

Қорытынды. Экологиялық ластаушылар, оның ішінде ауыр металдар, радиацияның әсері, өнеркәсіптік қалдықтар мен ластаушылар, эндокриндік жүйенің жұмысына әсер ететін химиялық заттар қалқанша безінің ауруларының пайда болуы мен дамуына айтарлықтай рөл атқарады.

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