ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS IN MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS IN ALMATY IN 2012-2021

Relevance. Hemorrhoids are among the most common anorectal diseases and remain an important clinical and organizational challenge in modern coloproctology. However, long-term trends in surgical treatment at the city level have received insufficient attention.

Materials and Methods. A retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study of surgical interventions for hemorrhoids performed in medical organizations in Almaty from 2012 to 2021 was conducted. The analysis was based on official aggregated statistical data provided by the Republican Center for Healthcare Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The total number of operations, elective and emergency procedures, and the proportion of elective interventions were assessed. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and time-series forecasting were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0.

Results. From 2012 to 2021, the total number of operations ranged from 43 to 619 per year, with a mean of 269.9±191.4. The mean annual number of elective operations was 109.5±100.9, while emergency procedures averaged 160.4±136.7. A statistically significant upward trend was identified for the total number of operations (β = 46.418, 95 % CI: 11.446-81.391, p = 0.016, R² = 0.539) and for elective procedures (β = 28.103, 95 % CI: 13.504-42.702, p = 0.002, R² = 0.711). No significant trend was found for emergency operations (p = 0.245). The proportion of elective procedures showed an upward trend, although it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.058). Forecast estimates suggested a possible further increase in the total and elective numbers of operations, but these results should be interpreted cautiously due to wide confidence intervals.

Conclusion. In medical organizations in Almaty, surgical treatment for hemorrhoids generally increased from 2012 to 2021, mainly due to the growth of elective procedures. These findings may be useful for assessing the burden on surgical services and for planning proctologic care.

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