СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О СТАРЧЕСКОЙ АСТЕНИИ У ПОЖИЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Введение. Старческая астения является распространенным гериатрическим синдромом, который ассоциирован со снижением функциональных возможностей и высоким риском неблагоприятных исходов. По данным исследований, её распространенность среди лиц старше 50 лет составляет в среднем 17.4 %, тогда как пред-астения достигает 49.3 %. В Республике Казахстан проблема старческой астении остается недостаточно изученной, несмотря на рост доли пожилого населения и высокую распространенность хронических заболеваний.

Цель: анализ современных данных о старческой астении у пожилых людей.

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ научной литературы по распространенности, факторам риска и диагностике старческой астении. Поиск выполнен в базах PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и Google Scholar за 2010-2025 гг. Включены статьи на русском и английском языках, посвященные старческой астении у пожилых, исключены нерелевантные и дублирующие публикации.

Результаты. Старческая астения – представляет собой синдром со стадийным и динамическим течением. Выделяют три стадии: нормальное состояние, пред-астению и выраженную астению. Было выявлено, что распространенность синдрома варьируется от 10 % до 24 % в зависимости от популяции, достигая около 20 % в странах Азии и снижалась до 7-8 % в отдельных странах. Пред-астения встречается значительно чаще и может достигать 40-50 %. Наибольшая распространенность отмечается у лиц, с мультиморбидностью и в странах с низким и средним уровнем дохода. К основным факторам риска относятся пожилой возраст, мультиморбидность, низкая физическая активность, недостаточное питание, когнитивные нарушения и социальная изоляция.

Выводы. Старческая астения является распространенным и клинически значимым синдромом, который оказывает существенное влияние на здоровье и качество жизни пожилых людей. Высокая вариабельность распространенности и многофакторный характер развития требует комплексного подхода к диагностике и профилактике.

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