FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY: A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

Human capital is at the center of the sustainable development of society. Obstacles to sustainable development can be excessive growth or permanent decline in fertility. The main problem of the current demographic situation is the prevention of low birth rates, which will prevent the decline of the population and the aging of the entire population, its working age. One of the challenges facing public health today is to identify the main factors affecting childbearing - changing general social values, including the need to have children or the presence of barriers that prevent people from realizing their reproductive plans. Thus, research in the field of public health is aimed at improving the socio-economic situation in the country, investing in human capital, creating modern infrastructure in cities and villages, and providing an open mechanism for social development for all categories of citizens. Mother and child support programs around the world should be aimed at achieving an optimal demographic policy, the optimal intensity of the birth process, as well as various positive factors that affect them. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the current state of research on factors influencing birth in order to classify and identify new approaches and new knowledge. Research methods: research and analysis of scientific literature on research issues; comparison, analysis and generalization of normative documents and statistical data. The findings of the study are as follows: Despite efforts to create comparative aggregated data, most studies tend to focus on microdata, which do not allow for high comparisons. Thus, fertility research can be facilitated by collecting a collection of comparative micro-level fertility data from many countries, including the United States and Japan. Second, since researchers can only track the dynamics of fertility, the question of true causality remains more important than false relationships. The literature focuses on the problem of causality, but there is no doubt that the works of the economic tradition predominate. Causal interpretations are also common in association studies, but it is clear that some of them are not focused on understanding or studying causality.

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