Mutations of genes responsible for the growth and division of cells in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer

P53 (encoding the p53 protein) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in all human cancer diseases. Common missense mutations of p53 abolish its tumor-suppressing function (gain-of-function, GOF)
and lead to the development of GOF cancer.
Materials and Methods. The study focused on samples of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the lungs, and adjacent healthy tissues obtained from postoperative material of cancer patients.
Methods included polymerase chain reaction of p53 and HRAS gene fragments, as well as complementary DNA (c-DNA) copies of p53, p21Waf1, MDM2, and mutation analysis using EcoR1 and Pst1 endonucleases based on restriction site presence.
Results. The presence of mutations was analyzed after amplification of p53 and HRAS gene fragments, as well as p53, p21Waf1, and MDM2 mRNA in cancerous and adjacent tissues in 100 samples of tumor and normal adjacent tissues. Half of the SCC and ADC lung samples did not contain expression products of p53 or p21Waf1 genes. Mutations were detected in 100 % and 85 % of SCC samples in 12 and
61 codons of the HRAS gene, and in 75 % and 50 % of ADC samples, respectively.
Conclusion. Mutations found in the majority of SCC and ADC samples allow diagnosing the disease, predicting its severity, and assessing the effectiveness of targeted therapy through such tests.

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