PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF ACID - BASE STATE COMPENSATION

Abstract

The disturbing effect of acids or bases at the first stage includes buffer systems, at the second stage there is an excess excretion of substances formed or ingested from the outside. The main systems and organs involved in the regulation of CBS are the respiratory, urinary, digestive systems, liver, skin.
The author examines in detail the role of each of these systems in maintaining a normal level of acid-base state. It is noted that the respiratory and urinary systems play an important role in maintaining the acid - base state, they play a leading role in maintaining a relative excess of bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. This is a prerequisite for the adequate function of the bicarbonate buffer system. The liver and gastrointestinal tract are also involved in maintaining acid-base balance. The development of a severe condition in patients with decompensated pyloric stenosis, accompanied by constant vomiting and, accordingly, the excretion of a large amount of gastric contents, is explained by the loss of [H+], Cl–, K+ and the development of decompensated hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis.