The article describes the results of introducing the method of surgical treatment of congenital megaureter with complete renal doubling with ureterocele in children, which was used in 5 patients. The stages of surgical technique are described in detail. The introduction of this method made it possible to achieve positive results in the surgical treatment of congenital double megoureteral disease. Also, based on the data of the literature review, a comparative analysis of the results of treatment with ureterocystoneostomy in a single block in case of doubled megaureter is carried out. The advantages of the introduced surgical technique were achieved due to the innovative technique of Y-shaped anastomosis: improvement of kidney function, reduction of hospitalization duration, positive dynamics in the early and late postoperative periods were achieved.

This article discusses the problem of complications arising during laparoscopic surgery. In recent years, laparoscopic surgery has occupied the main place among all surgical interventions, while the number of complications, in particular those specific to endosurgery, has also increased. Open surgery, laparoscopy, for all its scientifically proven effectiveness, has many disadvantages in the form of postoperative complications, including risks during surgery. Complications include those related to the patient's choice and anesthesia, trocar administration, pneumoperitoneum, surgical instruments and specific surgical procedures.

Gout is a disease characterized by hyperuricemia and the deposition of urate crystals in the body tissues in the form of sodium monourate or uric acid. The cause of the disease is the excessive formation of uric acid and a decrease in its excretion by the kidneys, which leads to an increase in its concentration in the blood. Clinically, gout is manifested by recurrent acute arthritis and the formation of gouty nodes - tophi. Along with arthritis, one of the main clinical manifestations of gout is kidney damage. More often the disease occurs in men, but recently the prevalence of the disease among women has increased, with age the prevalence of gout increases. Despite the elementary nature of the clinical manifestations of gout, its diagnosis is still very difficult. On a clinical example, we consider typical errors that occur in the diagnosis of this pathology.

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) play a crucial role in improving patient care by providing healthcare providers with valuable information and decision support tools [1].

This research review aims to examine and evaluate the effectiveness and impact of CDSS in outpatient facilities.

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather relevant studies on CDSS implementation in outpatient settings. The analysis identified various CDSS types, including alerts and reminders, decision rules, and information and education systems. The results indicate that CDSS implementation in outpatient facilities enhances the quality of care, reduces costs, empowers patients, supports clinicians in decision-making, and improves continuity of care. The integration of CDSS with electronic health records streamlines workflow, optimizes resource utilization, and facilitates efficient care coordination. Despite challenges related to integration and ethical considerations, CDSS has the potential to revolutionize outpatient healthcare delivery [2]. Future directions involve advancing interoperability standards, incorporating artificial intelligence, and conducting long-term studies to evaluate the impact on patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness [3]. In conclusion, CDSS in outpatient facilities have significant implications for improving patient care and healthcare processes, with the potential to enhance health outcomes and patient experiences.

Methods: Literature Review.

Vaccination is a simple, safe and effective way to protect against infectious diseases; up to one year, a child develops the basis of immunity - that is, the body «profiles» the cells of the defense system not only against all foreign bodies in principle, but also against individual microorganisms.

The purpose of the National Immunization Schedule is to protect infants and young children from dangerous infections that can lead to complications, disability or even death. In Kazakhstan, the number of parents refusing to carry out immunoprophylaxis for their children has increased.

 To improve the process of vaccination in children of younger age groups by increasing parents' awareness of the need for immunization. In order to assess parents' awareness of vaccination of young children, an online survey of 252 parents of children aged 1-6 years was conducted. Descriptive and analytical statistical research methods and official statistical data on the Republic of Kazakhstan were used to analyze the questionnaire. Conducting a correlation analysis between some demographic indicators of respondents (age, nationality, education) with indicators of parents' attitude to vaccination. 73.2 % of respondents note the importance of vaccination and 23.8 % of parents consider vaccination "not an important matter". 26.8 % of respondents reported the absence of a complete vaccination complex and partially vaccinated. This amounted to 67 people. The main negative reasons that have become a barrier to the formation of adherence to vaccination are: doubts about the quality of the vaccine, false information on social networks about possible complications after vaccination, distrust of medical personnel, medical indications, underestimation of the severity of diseases with vaccine-controlled infections. It is necessary to constantly work with parents about the need for vaccination in children, using statistical information on the presence of complications in children whose parents refused vaccination.

For many decades, the only way to treat caries was through a surgical approach involving restorative or endodontic therapy. Recently, there has been a paradigm shift to a more conservative and medical approach that focuses on preventive strategies at an early stage of demineralization to avoid disease progression.

To analyze the effectiveness of various noninvasive methods of caries treatment according to the literature.

The article presents the data on the methods of noninvasive caries treatment according to the literature review. The effectiveness of various medications that prevent the development and deepening of caries processes has been proved. The data of the literature review will help the doctors of practical dentistry in the rational choice of drugs for caries prevention in the initial stages. The methods and remedies described in the article are effective, but skills in their selection and subsequent well-planned studies of methods of dental caries prevention are needed.

Improvement in respiratory support methods used for newborns has significantly influenced survival rates and reduced the incidence of severe complications associated with respiratory therapy. Currently, the high-frequency ventilation method is widely employed in global neonatal practice, particularly for premature infants. The interest in this respiratory support method stems from its low risk of lung injury, as it ensures adequate gas exchange with minimal tidal volume and low amplitude of pressure created in the alveoli. Approaches to the application of high-frequency ventilation in newborns have been borrowed from protocols in Eastern Asia and Europe, where this method has been successfully utilized for many years and continues to be the subject of ongoing scientific research in the field of respiratory support for premature newborns.

Lichen planus is an inflammatory dermatosis with diverse clinical manifestations; characterized by high comorbidity and involvement in the process of the skin, its appendages (hair, nails) and mucous membranes. Erosive ulcerative lichen planus of the oral mucosa is a complicated, isolated form, characterized by a long and often atypical course. A competent approach to the diagnosis and choice of rational treatment of this pathology remains an urgent problem in therapeutic dentistry. Thus, among the wide range of various methods of treatment and medicines described in the literature, there is no single standard for general and local treatment of erosive-ulcerative form of lichen planus of the oral mucosa. The methods and medicines described in the article are effective, but development and subsequent well-planned studies of methods and medicines for the treatment of erosive-ulcerative form of lichen planus of the oral mucosa are necessary.