Integration of the new 2024 diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis into the practice of a specialized clinic in Almaty (a series of clinical cases)

Relevance. Multiple sclerosis is a complex chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, accompanied by the destruction of myelin and impaired transmission of nerve impulses. Diagnosing MS remains a difficult task, especially in light of the need to differentiate from other diseases. Even if there is a suspicion of multiple sclerosis, the new criteria require proof of the dissemination of foci in space and time, as well as the exclusion of other pathologies.

Goal. To review our experience of integrating the updated diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis in 2024 into the clinical practice of a specialized office in Almaty.

Methods and materials. The features of the application of modern diagnostic methods are described, including the use of magnetic resonance imaging, analysis of biomarkers (for example, free kappa-light chains - k–FLC), optical coherence tomography and assessment of the central venous sign.

Results. The article presents clinical cases reflecting diagnostic difficulties and emphasizing the importance of modern approaches to improve diagnostic accuracy and timely initiation of treatment. The need for comprehensive and individualized patient management was noted, contributing to an improvement in prognosis and quality of life.

Conclusions. It is necessary to continue developing the diagnostic capabilities of specialized multiple sclerosis rooms, as well as strengthen the training of specialists in order to improve the quality of medical care.

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