The article is an overview of the summary data on the formation and impact of social and psychological stress on healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic represent a high risk to the psychological health of healthcare workers. These conditions include heightened responses to stress, anxiety, which are negatively influenced by healthcare staff, and the need to make decisions about interventions to relieve stressful situations

This article presents an analysis of available literature regarding the assessment of the health status of schoolchildren left without parental care. There is a lack of information about the health status of orphans placed in foster family. The opinions of researchers are contradictory: some believe that children brought up in their family are not different from children brought up in orphanages, while other point to low level of development and health. In the available literature on the problem of orphanhood, there is almost no information about the health and development of children in orphanage.
In literary sources, there is an unanimous opinion that there is a high degree of direct connection of unfavorable external factors, in particular, upbringing outside the family with the growth of the child and his physical development.

The article presents an analysis of the available literature on the problem of organizing the provision of medical care for osteoporosis in the postmenopausal period at the present stage. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic disease of the skeleton, characterized by a decrease in bone mass and a violation of the microarchitectonics of bone tissue, which lead to increased fragility of bones, being one of the social problems in the developed countries of the world. The incidence of osteoporosis increases with age, and the complications associated with it increase with life expectancy. These problems are especially relevant for women and are determined by the widespread prevalence among the population, multifactorial nature, high incidence of disability, and in some cases, deaths.

COVID-19 is a highly pathogenic viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The study of adaptive immunity to SARSCoV-2 is important for understanding the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, the development of vaccines and new therapeutic treatment approaches. This review examines the T-cell immune response to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the activity of T-regulatory cells in COVID-19, the immunopathological mechanisms mediated by these cells involved in the development of the disease, and potential new therapeutic approaches

This article discusses the data on the effect of coronovirus on the heart. Information is given on the way of penetration of the virus into the human body and the mechanisms of its harmful effects on the body. According to world statistics, studies have been conducted on the number of people infected with coronavirus and on the number of people infected with coronavirus in Kazakhstan. In particular, the authors touched upon the serious problem of the side effect of potent drugs used in the treatment of coronavirus infection - a violation of the heart virus. In conclusion, the authors conclude that the consequences for the heart after coronavirus can be very significant: from heart rhythm disturbances to a full-fledged heart attack.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Coronavirus 2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) first appeared in Wuhan, China. It was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. As of April 11, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more than 490,000 cases and 18,500 deaths in the United States, with all 50 states affected. More than a million people are now infected worldwide. Although the focus is on pulmonary complications, it is important for emergency physicians to be aware of cardiovascular complications, which can significantly contribute to mortality associated with this disease [1].

Coronavirus infection is one of the most pressing problems today. The article discusses the development and consequences of the spread of the COVID-19 virus around the world, as well as the mechanism of the coronavirus's effect on the heart and lungs

It has been almost a year since we first heard about COVID-19, and the pandemic has claimed the lives of over a million people and infected more than 30 million people in 190 countries. The number of people infected with the virus is on the rise and there are warning signs of new waves. Much is still unknown about this virus. But there is one important fact for which the world was not ready. Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that cause diseases ranging from the common cold to serious illness. The new coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has never been seen in humans before.

An outbreak of previously unknown pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Currently, COVID-19 is considered a systemic disease with damage to various organs including the liver. However, the mechanism of liver damage in COVID - 19 is not well understood. There is a high mortality rate in patients with liver damage and concomitant COVID-19 which indicates an unfavorable outcome of the disease

To date, the study of clinical manifestations in coronavirus infection is one of the topical issues, since data on possible manifestations (in particular, skin lesions) are constantly being supplemented and updated. Literature data published during the pandemic indicate possible skin rashes when infected with SARS CoV 2a. The first clinical observations were published by Italian doctors, who examined 88 patients, of which 20.4% - skin lesions were represented by erythema, vesicles and urticarial eruptions.
The appearance of rashes in viral infections is based on the development of pathological processes in the epidermis and dermis - expansion  of capillaries, increased vascular permeability, edema, hemorrhages, epidermal cell necrosis, ballooning dystrophy of epidermal cells, inflammation. Currently, 5 types of skin lesions are distinguished in patients with COVID-19: skin angiitis, papulovesicular rashes, papulo-squamous rashes, trophic disorders, toxicoderma.

To date, researchers have found that in children, unlike in adults, the disease is usually asymptomatic. However, special attention should be paid to children of all ages as they play an important role in the spread of the disease.
Children do not have a high percentage of coronavirus infections and are less likely to be affected by today's pandemic, but their lives have been changed due to the social and economic impact of COVID-19.
While children are not directly exposed to COVID-19, the indirect impact of stressful healthcare systems and disruption to essential services such as immunization and antenatal care can lead to a dramatic increase in infant mortality. 
Several factors associated with quarantine measures can cause family tension and additional stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of violence against children, and child protection services have been partially weakened by measures to combat the spread of the virus.
Anxiety in adults over exposure to COVID-19 can affect children's sensitivity and ability to respond to anxiety. Children are strongly associated with the emotional state of adults; Children perceive incomprehensible and unpredictable behavior as a threat, which is even more worrying.

The goal of the article was to conduct a systematic review of the data available in the literature at the present stage on the peculiarities of organizing the work of the radiation diagnostics department during the COVID-19 pandemic. The search for sources was carried out in the systems Medline, Elibrary. The data of both retrospective and prospective clinical studies are considered. The experience of foreign and domestic authors is summarized. Information about the diagnostic value of computed tomography, radiography and ultrasound imaging methods is presented. The Department of Radiation Diagnostics plays a decisive role in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment results. Therefore, the organization of the continuous work of this unit is an urgent task.

Purpose. To evaluate the radiological patterns of a new COVID-19 coronavirus infection.
Materials and methods. Review of literature sources.
Results. COVID-19 causes the acute severe viral pneumonia. Radiological diagnostics of COVID-19 is very important, because CT can be the first study that shows the signs of viral lung lesion, and allows to assess the severity of thelesion and adverse prognostic signs of its further development. The initial CT pattern of COVID-19 is a pattern of infiltration of secondary pulmonary lobules on the type of «frosted glass» (a symptom of «dry leaf») with a subsequent decrease in the volume of lesions at favorable results, or their increase, accession of CT pattern of «cobblestone road» and the appearance in.
Conclusions: the accumulation of experience in clinical and radiation studies of patients with COVID-19 made it possible to determine the radiation semiotics of changes. It is important to determine the tactics of treating changes in the lungs.

COVID-19 is a serious illness and all people living with HIV should take all recommended preventive measures to minimize exposure and prevent infection with the virus that causes COVID-19. As with the general population, older people living with HIV, or people living with HIV with heart or lung problems, may be at higher risk of contracting the virus and have more severe symptoms.

Faced with the unprecedented scale of CID-19 challenges, doctors, as well as medical professionals around the world, have had to quickly adapt to the new realities of the COVID-19 world.

The participation of the population sciences in the synthesis of knowledge about the "man - biosphere" system will accelerate its own internal interdisciplinary synthesis, which, in our opinion, should go through three stages.
The first stage of the synthesis of knowledge will lead to the strengthening of interdisciplinary relations between such pairs of sciences as demography and sociology, demography and geography, demography and medicine, demography and ethnography. The basis of their interdisciplinary connections is the transfer of information from one area of knowledge to another, that is, informational mutual enrichment. At the second stage of synthesis, the method of functional analysis is enhanced. The population system and its constituent subsystems can and should be investigated by methods that are irrelevant to their material content: cybernetics, formal logic, general systems theory. The third stage of the synthesis of knowledge about population is characterized by the strengthening of the leading role of political and economic theory.
It must be remembered that some problems can only be solved with an integrated approach, i.e. when involving both demographers and hygienists in the study. The fulfillment of these conditions will undoubtedly enrich both demography and social hygiene, and will lead to fruitful research and the solution of many related problems.

As part of the implementation of the goal of the Strategy-2050 [1] and the Plan of the Nation “100 concrete steps” [2], the Address of the Elbasy to the people of Kazakhstan “The third modernization of Kazakhstan: global competitiveness” [3], in accordance with the State Program for the Development of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Densaulyk” on 2016-2019 and the State Program for the Development of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2025. [4] in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the gradual development of the health care system does not stop, aimed at improving the quality of medical services, as well as their availability for all segments of the population. General coverage of the population with health services implies a broad understanding of the range of services needed to maintain an appropriate level of well-being and health of the population, including the reproductive health of adolescents.

KazRosmeduniversitet (P22) with 22 partners from 6 countries has started the implementation of a 3-year LMQS project to improve the quality of healthcare services under the Erasmus+ program since 2021. The program provides the main opportunities for higher education institutions from Kazakhstan: international credit mobility, Erasmus Mundus Master's degrees and higher education capacity building. After analyzing the feasibility of the project, the overall needs were identified. Students will need a bachelor's / Master's degree in quality management in healthcare, teachers will need training as instructors and in obtaining educational resources, and existing staff will need retraining and lifelong learning

The new coronavirus infection is a disease of the century that turns the world upside down and turns the multidimensional aspects of human life inside out. This article highlights the clinical picture of COVID-19 in pregnant women and the treatment carried out in the city of Shymkent. We analyzed 101 confirmed and probable cases of coronavirus infection in patients during gestation at the City Infection Center and the City Infectious Disease Hospital. The study revealed that the largest number of complaints presented by pregnant women with coronavirus infection were: dry cough - 74 patients (73.2%), sore throat - 70 (69%), fever - 69 (68.3%), malaise - 59 (58.4%), weakness - 55 (54.4%), headache - 47 (46.5%).

The pandemic associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a steady prevalence and registration of new cases and deaths worldwide. A special category of patients is represented by severe pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MBS) associated with SARS-CoV-2, which, apparently, is an analogue of the severe course of COVID-19 in adults and occurs with damage to several organs. In particular, children have fever, rash, conjunctivitis, peripheral edema of the palms and feet, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory, cardiovascular, kidney damage, and lymphadenopathy.
The authors set out to study the clinical and laboratory manifestations of AIM in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 on the experience of the Department of General Pediatrics of JSC "Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery" of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The development of a network of telemedicine provided the strategic plan of the Ministry of health of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021 was a code on people's health and healthcare system 2020. In the conditions of quarantine for coronavirus infection, online consultations have become particularly relevant. The creation of the telemedicine center allows doctors to monitor the condition of patients with probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19, to receive advice and practical assistance from leading specialists of scientific centers on the treatment of coronavirus infection to primary health care doctors and patients.

Fertility as a socio-biological phenomenon is a problem studied by both demography and medicine, each of which approaches the study of the phenomenon from its own point of view. If the number of births, the desired and actual number of children in families is studied by demography, then the means by which families regulate childbearing and strive to achieve the desired number of children is, of course, the subject of study of social hygiene.
It is known that the level of general fertility of women is influenced by both the number of women who are married and the age of their marriage. An important factor affecting the intensity of demographic processes is the level of employment.
Among the fundamentally important conditions for the study of modern demographic development in order to control its individual components is the definition of socio-economic, medical and behavioral factors affecting the change in the regional dynamics of natural reproduction of the population in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The results of the study of regional and national characteristics of population reproduction are of great scientific and practical importance in the formation of the social policy of the state and the policy of population, in particular. This study proved the need for an effective demographic policy aimed at stabilizing fertility processes, taking into account an interdisciplinary approach.

One of the main directions of personalized medicine in obstetrics, today, is the search for effective predictors of the development of preeclampsia, which will reduce the frequency of this complication of pregnancy and childbirth. One of these possibilities is prenatal screening "Predictor PE" in the early detection of women at risk of developing PE. To achieve this goal, the efficacy of early screening for prognosis of PE was studied in 50 women according to the obtained data of serum markers and the outcome of pregnancy and childbirth observed in the Republican Medical Genetic Consultation in Almaty. It was noted that the technique has the highest diagnostic sensitivity (DR – 84%) in terms of predicting PE with early onset, while for late PE this indicator is lower (DR – 74%).
The introduction of the Predictor PE test for predicting the development of PE in antenatal clinics will reduce the frequency of unreasonable diagnoses of PE and its treatment, and improve the quality and level of prenatal care.

An original method for the treatment of cicatricial stenosis of the lower third of the trachea using a Y-shaped silicone tube has been developed. The method was tested on 11 patients. The effectiveness of the method was assessed by clinical, X-ray, endoscopic methods. The analysis of the results was carried out in order to study the immediate and long-term results and evaluate the effectiveness of using a Y-shaped silicone tube in cicatricial stenosis of the lower third of the trachea. The degree and extent of tracheal stenosis was assessed by tracheolaryngoscopy and spiral computed tomography. The length of cicatricial changes ranged from 1.5 to 3 cm. In all cases, endoscopic electro excision of cicatricial tracheal stenosis was used, followed by installation of a Y-shaped silicone tube.
It is shown that the method reliably prevents the growth of scar tissue in the lumen of the trachea.

The authors of the presented article set out to study the effect of immunization of rabbits with different types of yeast on the general antimicrobial activity of serum and the specific activity of its AMP fraction. The experimental group of rabbits consisted of 7 healthy chinchilla females weighing 1.5 kg, obtained from the nursery "LARSik" Kazakhstan, branch "Andreevka". The control group consisted of 4 of the same rabbits. The experiments were carried out in accordance with the interstate standard for the maintenance and care of laboratory animals (GOST 33217-2014). Rabbits were immunized with yeast cells - Candida albicans, Rhodotorula mu cilaginosa, Malassezia furfur, Cryptococcus neoformans, Geotrichum candidum, Trichosporon cuta neum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AMP fractions were obtained by filtration of sera through filters with a pore diameter of 100 kDa. The total activity of the sera and their AMP fractions was assessed by the spectrophotometric method.
It was found that serum albumin at physiological concentrations (about 50 mg / ml and higher) has a direct antimicrobial effect on yeast and bacterial cells, while exhibiting a dose-dependent effect [10]. Determination of the albumin concentration in the present study showed no significant differences in these parameters in immunized and non-immunized animals. However, for some yeast species, a correlation was observed between the albumin concentration and the total serum activity.

The article presents literature data on the prevalence of primary adentia, analyzes the risk factors for its occurrence, including antenatal ones. To establish the relationship between complications of pregnancy and primary edentulousness, a survey was conducted and analyzed.
In most cases, primary adentia is due to a genetic factor. According to some authors, partial adentia has an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive type of inheritance.
Other factors that can influence the presence of fetal abnormalities are antenatal and postnatal. As a result of the research, it was found that in more than 55% of children with dentoalveolar anomalies, the mother's pregnancy proceeded with complications in the first and second trimesters. The largest percentage was in pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia, anemia and the threat of termination. According to the literature, exposure to certain diseases, such as syphilis, scarlet fever, rickets during pregnancy and infancy, has an effect on dental agenesis.
Postnatal factors leading to the formation of edentulous permanent teeth are inappropriate nutrition of the child, poor oral hygiene, previous infectious diseases, concomitant pathologies, trauma to the tooth germ, living in an area with a developed petrochemical industry. Thus, we can talk about the relationship between environmental pollution and the prevalence of this anomaly.

This article discusses issues related to the new coronavirus infection. The pathogenesis of the disease was studied, the main clinical manifestations of COVID-19, including manifestations in the oral cavity, were considered. An assessment was made of the incidence of stomatitis manifestations in the oral cavity in patients with COVID-19.
A number of sources of information on this topic published between 2019 and 2020 were analyzed. A clinical examination of 100 patients, men and women, aged 22 to 57 years, with the main diagnosis of COVID-19 was carried out. The oral cavity of the patients was examined under natural and artificial light using spatulas.
Initially, it was believed that inflammation of the mucous membrane and ulcers in the tongue are a secondary symptom of COVID-19, as they appear against the background of a reduced immune status and medical treatment. Based on the data obtained by the authors, based on the results of the examination, analysis of the data of various articles, they came to the conclusion that it cannot be ruled out that the coronavirus and stomatitis are related, and stomatitis is precisely the primary manifestation of COVID-19, and not a consequence of the drug therapy.
If erosions characteristic of stomatitis are detected, patients should be prescribed: pain relievers, antiseptics, antiinflammatory therapy and epithelializing agents.

The authors of the article analyzed the results of relevant and reliable scientific studies of the epidemiology of covid-19 in dental practice. The researched works are licensed, and also have a high level of scientific novelty and reliability.
Factors that increase the risk of spreading SARS-CoV-2 in dental practice. These, according to the authors, include the tropism of the causative agent COVID-19 to the tissues of the oral cavity and aerosol-generating dental manipulations. Thus, the provision of dental services is a high-risk activity and must be strictly regulated and epidemiologically controlled.
Epidemiological control of the spread of SARS-COV-2 in dental facilities - a dentist must comply with the following rules, a number of which are also regulated at the legislative level in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Based on clinical experience and scientific research in the countries of far and near abroad, the authors have developed recommendations, the implementation of which prevents the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In their opinion, there is a need to create a regulated and specialized protocol from the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic for the provision of dental care during an epidemic of coronavirus infection.

The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic informativeness of the methods of taking material from the SOR for cytological examination in the assessment of epithelial changes.
Cytological material sampling was carried out in six ways (20 smears each) using: a dental spatula and a conventional slide glass, a "Juno" cytoskeleton and a conventional slide glass, a dental spatula and a slide stack with an adhesive coating (Polysine) (Menzel (Thermo Scientific), a "Juno" cytoskeleton and a slide with an adhesive coating (Polysine) (Menzel (Thermo Scientific), a conventional slide glass, a slide glass with adhesive coating (Polysine) (Menzel (Thermo Scientific). The most informative was the smear print obtained by the "Juno" cytoscheck and a slide with an adhesive coating (Polysine) (Menzel (Thermo Scientific), which allows us to recommend it as a tool for dispensary observation of patients with LSD on the cytological principle.

The authors of the article studied the comparative characteristics of factors affecting the state of the oral cavity in preschool and school children before and during a pandemic. To do this, they conducted a gender correlation analysis of children, identified the incidence of dental diseases in children before and during a pandemic, assessed the effectiveness of dental treatment during these periods, and determined the influence of behavioral and epidemiological factors on the risk of dental diseases. Were examined (second and third decade of January 2021) according to the data of dental examination and analysis of outpatient records, as well as ques tionnaires - 1008 children.
A comparative analysis showed that the factors affecting the oral health and treatment of preschool and school children completely changed after the onset of the Covid-19 disease. Before the pandemic, the most common factor was "selfmedication", which also includes the methods of alternative med icine.
During a pandemic, the primary factor is "quarantine". This included the problems of closed clinics, offices, the fear of getting infected (both among children and among adults), financial difficulties and the closure of borders to the city (for nonresidents).

An analysis of a clinical case of the debut of COVID-19 is presented, which shows that psychosis was preceded by a short prodromal period with signs of asthenic syndrome. With the further development of psychosis, there is a rapid influx of verbal and visual hallucinations with the development of hallucinatory confusion, corresponding affect, behavior and psychomotor agitation. Subsequently, oneiroid-like conditions were detected. Against the background of increasing symptoms of the underlying disease (Coronavirus infection), violations of the water-electrolyte balance, hyperthermia, hypovolemia, disorders of the function of internal organs and systems, mussitating delirium develops. With further development, an amentive state is observed, which is considered a prognostically unfavorable sign.

Relevance. Kazabach-Merritt syndrome is extremely rare in children's practice. Clinical manifestations are diverse, which complicates the timely diagnosis and treatment of this di sease.
Purpose: to attract the attention of pediatricians, neonatologists and pediatricians to the timely diagnosis of rare hematological syndromes.
Materials and methods. An extended examination of the child and a thorough differential diagnosis with other vascular anomalies were carried out.
Results. Based on the assessment of anamnesis, clinical laboratory and instrumental examination methods, the diagnosis of SCM was established.
Conclusions. The diagnosis of SCM requires an extended examination of the child and careful differentiation with other vascular anomalies.

At the turn of 2019-2020 humanity was struck by a new viral infection SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19), which quickly spread in many countries and reached pandemic proportions. A feature of the SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) virus is its high contagion, virulence and tropism to many cells of human organs. The authors, referring to the data of the available literature, note that along with the spread of the disease, the number of patients with renal pathology also grows.
Experts offer several theories explaining the occurrence of pathology of the urinary system organs: direct damage to the renal tissue; overreaction of the immune system, leading to damage to the kidneys, heart and brain; hypercapnia due to respiratory failure leading to kidney damage; the formation of blood clots in the renal vessels.
Many clinicians note that switching to mechanical ventilation for RDS syndrome significantly increases the risk of developing renal failure. In addition, some drugs used to treat coronavirus infection are nephrotoxic and can cause kidney damage. Finally, preexisting diabetes mellitus, for example, is a potent risk factor for the development of severe nephropathy.
The authors acquaint the reader with the results of examination and treatment of patient A, 14 years old (clinical observation).

The article presents a clinical case of a patient who underwent COVID-19-associated pneumonia with emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis. The features of anesthesia, planning of respiratory support, tracheal intubation and intraoperative monitoring are described.

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic focuses on cardiovascular, pulmonary and hematological complications. However, neurological complications are becoming an increasingly recognized area of manifestation of coronavirus infection.
The article presents a clinical case of a patient with COVID-19 associated polyneuropathy. It was shown that the data of anamnesis, neurological symptoms, paraclinical data, ENMG indicate damage to the nervous system after suffering a coronavirus infection.

The problem of coronavirus infection in 2020 swept the entire world at lightning speed. This is due to the fact that the pandemic has broken out across the globe. There is not a single corner of the earth where the virus has not reached and has not done its "dirty" deed. High contagiousness, hence the high morbidity and mortality at first amazed the whole world, the entire medical community. The doctors did not know how to treat, what to do. In the health care of almost all countries, a period of panic began, urgent quarantine measures were introduced in the hope of having time to organize something during this time. Kazakhstan is no exception. The sad statistics are as follows: as of January 31, 2021, 103 million 213 thousand 392 people were infected, 2 million 231 thousand 154 people have died. The mortality rate was 2.16%. In your opinion, we offer a clinical case of an elderly patient with a reliably confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 against the background of polymorbid somatic pathology.

On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization was informed of the discovery of cases of pneumonia caused by an unknown pathogen, and on January 3, Chinese services reported 44 cases of pneumonia to WHO in Wuhan, Hubei province [37]. The pathogen turned out to be a new coronavirus (now known as SARS-CoV-2, previously under the temporary name 2019-nCoV [1]), which had not previously been detected in the human population [38]. On 30 January 2020, in response to the outbreak, WHO declared an international health emergency [38], and on 28 February 2020, WHO raised its global risk assessment from high to very high [26]. On March 11, 2020, the epidemic was declared a pandemic [29].

During a pandemic, dentists are forced to admit patients only with acute toothache, which has led to an increase in the number of children with various forms of pulpitis and periodontitis and their complications. Often, failure to comply with medical prescriptions and failure to attend subsequent courses of treatment made the dynamics of the clinical picture more difficult. During a pandemic, a focus should be given to prevention of dental diseases. The work of a dentist, especially a pediatric dentist, is very difficult and the peculiarity of this work confirmed by the period of a pandemic. Nevertheless, dentists are always ready to provide dental care in any conditions in order to improve the quality of life.
Here are two cases from clinical practice.

Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, which has spread among various age groups of the population, characterized by an increase in systolic blood pressure (above 140 mm Hg) and diastolic (above 90 mm Hg). Research on the quality of life of patients receiving dental treatment is a promising modern direction in dentistry. Therefore, the problem of choosing effective and safe local anesthesia in the treatment of dental diseases in patients with arterial hypertension is relevant.

The authors have devoted their article to a common pathology - tooth retention. Due to the retention of teeth, patients have various local and general somatic disorders, such as dysfunction of the TMJ, masticatory apparatus, the development of a pathological occlusion, which creates favorable conditions for the improper formation of physiological functions (swallowing, chewing, breathing, speech), the occurrence of periodontal diseases, social disturbance. adaptation in society in children and adolescents, which affects the psycho-emotional state of these patients.
The authors set out to get acquainted with the methods of treatment of dental retention and identify the most effective method. To achieve the goal, the following work has been done: Possible methods of treating teeth retention have been considered; the most common method of treatment of tooth retention was identified based on a survey of dentists - orthodontists; the prevalence of dental retention among the population of Saratov was determined on the basis of CBCT analysis and an analysis of clinical cases and the choice of tactics for their treatment was carried out.
Based on the data of scientific literature, a survey of orthodontists, 50 CBCT images were considered and an analysis of 3 clinical cases of treatment of dental retention, it was concluded that it would be incorrect and incorrect to determine the most effective method from those considered, since the choice of treatment tactics is determined by the treating person. an orthodontist, depending on the characteristics of each clinical case.

Laparoscopic promontofixation is one of the effective methods of surgical treatment of genital apical prolapse. However, this technique has a number of disadvantages: the duration of the operation, working in a tense carboxyperitoneum with a lowered head end, the difficulty of mastering and reproducing the original technique of the operation, the mandatory possession of endoscopic suture skills, removal of the uterus as one of the stages of the operation, the risk of specific complications associated with a mesh prosthesis.
This study is devoted to assessing the effectiveness and safety of the use of laparoscopic promontofixation in the treatment of genital apical prolapse.
The study included 198 patients. The degree of apical prolapse was assessed before surgery, according to the POP-Q classification. All patients underwent laparoscopic promontofixation. The patients were examined after surgery in terms of 1, 6, 12 months. This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Endoscopic and Reconstructive Gynecology of the Regional Perinatal Center of Aktau.
The average operation time is 120 minutes. Of the intraoperative complications, there were 3 (1.5%) bleeding as a result of injury to the median sacral artery, which was stopped by its compression and bipolar coagulation. In 2 (1%) cases, suppuration of the mesh prosthesis occurred, this complication was at the stage of mastering the technique, long-term antibacterial therapy was required. In 3 (1.5%) cases, the separation of the mesh prosthesis occurred, with a clinical relapse of the disease, and 2 out of 3 patients we ourselves re-operated. In 2 (1%) cases, the prosthesis was eroded, which required partial excision of the prosthesis into the vagina, followed by local treatment. In addition, in 26 (13%) cases laparoscopic promontofixation was performed in patients who had previously undergone surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, 7 (3.5%) of 26 previously operated patients did not have a uterus and cervix. In addition, 36 (18.1%) patients had constipation in the postoperative period, which was apparently caused by nerve injury and a large dissection area in the posterior vaginal wall, as a rule, most patients had constipation independently stopped 3-4 months after surgery. In addition, 118 (59.5%) patients noted a decrease in the severity of the phenomena of imperative urge to urinate.
Laparoscopic promontofixation is an effective and safe technique in the treatment of genital apical prolapse. After performing promontofixation, the quality of life of patients significantly improves, the frequency of functional disorders of the pelvic organs decreases. Laparoscopic promontofixation is a complex surgical technique that requires special training and good technical skills from the surgeon, knowledge of pelvic anatomy, in-depth knowledge of the problem of prolapses, knowledge of modern synthetic materials, as well as modern suture material.