Any infectious and inflammatory pathologies, invasive medical measures (catheterization of large vessels, angiography, stenting), surgical intervention in the patient's body lead to a violation of homeostasis in varying degree. The problem of assessing blood gases, acid-base balance (ABB) is relevant  in many areas of medicine, especially in anesthesiology and intensive care, surgery, therapy, pediatrics. Covid-pneumonia is a complication of an infectious viral disease which mainly affects the lung tissue. Pathognomonic symptoms of critical conditions are respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), covid-pneumonia. Respiratory support is a complex of resuscitation methods that allow to provide ventilation of the lungs when breathing is disturbed, reduced or not determined, in cooperation with drug therapy helps to get out of a critical situation. In 80% of cases, coronavirus infection occurs in mild or asymptomatic form, 15% – severe and 5% very severe. It was these 5% of patients with a very severe form of respiratory damage who needed to be transferred to artificial lung ventilation (ventilator) in order to maintain gas exchange and providing time to restore lung tissue function and improving the outcome of treatment. The accumulation of knowledge on respiratory support contributed to its development, since before the pandemic, not all anesthesiologists and resuscitators had an idea about high-flow and non-invasive ventilation of the  lungs. Consequently, their application significantly reduced the risk of intubation and death in covid pneumonia, and the combination with prone position showed its effectiveness in the in patients with severe lung damage. The criteria for the effectiveness or negative dynamics of respiratory support in these patients with covid - pneumonia were blood gases and (ABB).

This article describes the main causes and symptoms of coronary heart disease, as well as the principles of treatment, so that you can understand the essence of the problem, consult a doctor in a timely manner and avoid complications. In this article, we propose the treatment of ischemic diseases not only by surgery, but also by medication.
Ischemic heart disease is a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in blood supply to the myocardium due to damage to the coronary arteries. Clinical manifestations of the disease include angina pectoris, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest.
The risk of the disease is more often observed in patients with hypertension, addicted to smoking, with high cholesterol levels, patients with diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease.
Thrombosis that occurs in the coronary arteries currently accounts for 90% of mortality. According to scientists, by 2030 more than 23 million people will die from coronary heart disease. Considering these and other factors, the World Health Organization has recognized coronary heart disease as an independent disease. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in developing countries. Thus, we emphasize the importance of this exacerbation of the disease.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease, the main manifestations of which are associated with the formation of atheromatous plaques specific to this pathology in the artery wall, causing a violation of blood flow in organs and tissues. The insidiousness of atherosclerosis is that it is asymptomatic for a long time and does not manifest clinically until the blood circulation of the corresponding organ is disrupted.As a rule, symptoms of ischemia appear with stenosis of the vessel lumen by more than 50% (the so-called hemodynamically significant stenosis). Most often, the aorta, arteries of the heart, brain, lower extremities and kidneys undergo atherosclerotic changes. Therefore, among the causes of death in the first place are coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction, rupture of an aneurysm of the aotra, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke [1, 2]. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, the risk of which is determined by a combination of several of them. The figurative expression of the German scientist M. Burger is known that "the physiological sclerosis of the elderly is fate, and atherosclerosis is a disease." However, it is important to note that although atherosclerosis is not the result of the physiological aging process of the body, there are certain correlations between atherosclerosis and age. The initial signs of atherosclerosis are detected on the section already at the age of 20. However, clinical manifestations of the disease are most often found in people older than 30-40 years, when there is already hemodynamically significant vascular stenosis [1, 2]. Although the primary processes leading to the formation of fat strips are unknown, experiments conducted on animals suggest that early endothelial dysfunction occurs under stress. At the same time, modified lipids enter the layers located behind the intima. They are mediators of inflammation and ensure the mobilization of leukocytes and the formation of foam cells, which is a characteristic pathogenetic feature of fat strips. Atherosclerosis comes from the Greek word Athero, meaning gruel. Marchand coined the term "atherosclerosis", describing the association of fatty dystrophy and vascular stiffness. This is a mottled intramuscular thickening of the subintima. The earliest lesion is a fat band. Fat bands develop into fibrous plaques, and unstable plaques are responsible for various clinical manifestations. Damage to the arterial wall endothelium is an early pathogenetic event of atherosclerosis. The arterial wall is a dynamic regulating system. However, damaging factors can disrupt normal homeostasis and ensure the onset of atherosclerosis.

The history of the study of atherosclerosis is full of both discoveries and disappointments, both dogmas that hindered the process of understanding the causes of the disease, and revolutionary breakthroughs in clarifying the mechanisms of its formation. But there are even more hypotheses and questions left by previous generations of researchers, which were not easy to confirm. The use of cell cultures, the study of lipid metabolism at the molecular level, mutations and gene expression, enzyme immunoassay, assessment of the state of cell receptors, the study of the cytokine system and many other modern research methods have revealed the essence of a number of mechanisms of atherosclerosis, showed the complex nature of this process [1]. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of death in developed countries. This is a progressive pathological process that begins in childhood and gives  clinical manifestations in the middle of adulthood [2]. The presented data indicate the role of inflammation as a determinant of the biology underlying the complications of atherosclerosis and it should be emphasized that the deepening of knowledge in the field of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis  opens up new ways to prevent and treat this severe and widespread disease [3, 4, 5]. One of the ways to modify LDL located in the subendothelial space is oxidation. It is carried out due to the local effect of reactive oxygen radicals and pro-oxidant enzymes formed in the activated endothelium and in smooth muscle cells, as well as in macrophages that have penetrated the vessel wall. In addition, the microenvironment in the subendothelial space is able to bind oxidized LDL from plasma antioxidants. The mobilization of leukocytes (mainly monocytes and T-lymphocytes) is expressed in their predominant localization on the vascular wall and serves as a key pathogenetic process of atherogenesis. Modified LDL and cytokines (IL-1, TNF-a) independently induce the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules (MAL) and the chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine). However, MLPNPS are also powerful stimulators of the production of inflammatory mediators, cytokines by endothelial and smooth muscle cells, thereby enhancing the direct effect [6]. This dual ability of mLPNP to cause leukocyte mobilization and inflammation is maintained in one way or another throughout the atherogenic process. While endothelial cells play a certain role in the formation of fat strips, the migration of smooth muscle cells into intima serves as the dominant process in the early stages of the formation of fibrous plaques [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12].

A brief overview of this example is provided in Uzbekistan and other countries. It also provides statistics on the early disease detection program and differential diagnosis with other diseases.
The authors give a brief overview of how chatbots created in other countries work and how effective they are. The topic of chatbots is very important in the healthcare industry, which means that doctors and nurses who work directly with patients are freed from some of the routine functions of their work. The idea of using chat bots is as follows: to make information about the current situation more reliable; exclude the congestion of people in medical institutions; optimize drug prescriptions and facilitate access to health care.
The presented study covers the period from June to October 2021. The chatbot was developed by the authors to help differentiate the Covid-19, flu and ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection). The copyright certificate was received at the Intellectual Property Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In almost all developed countries, especially in the field of medicine, artificial intelligence based on digital technologies is actively promoted and widely used. The analysis shows that the USA, many countries in Europe and India have the largest number of chatbot users.
The use of chatbots also provides the community with information on self-protection, disease prevention, and first aid measures

The authors present studies on the peculiarities of the clinical course of a new coronavirus infection in pediatric patients. The article is based on the analysis of foreign publications in peer-reviewed journals and studies of children's patients conducted at the outpatient level. The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes the disease in children of all age groups, starting with newborns, which proceeds in a milder form. It was found that children are much easier to tolerate COVID-19. Researchers note the prevalence of asymptomatic and mild forms of the disease in children. It has been shown that COVID-19 in children has a significantly favorable outcome. The authors pay special attention to the fact that children, as a category of patients with the highest level of asymptomatic and mild course of the disease, constitute the main transmissible potential for the continuation of the pandemic.

The olfactory function together with the respiratory and protective functions ensures the comfort of human nasal breathing, and the olfactory analyzer simultaneously with the visual and auditory analyzers is the most important source of information about the smells of the surrounding world coming when inhaling through the nose. Olfactory dysfunction is animportant symptom that can indicate serious violations of the functioning of human organs and systems, however, the current methods of olfactory function research are only qualitative in nature and have a huge dependence on the subjective perception of both the patient and the doctor, which makes it difficult to assess the sense of smell in clinical practice.
A study was conducted to assess olfactory function in healthy people, in people who have had COVID-19, and people with inflammatory diseases and injuries of the nose or head. Based on the study, a technique for digitizing the results of the olfactory function study was developed and indicators of the relative norm of olfaction for residents of the Siberian megalopolis in normal and after COVID-19 were obtained. The correlation of inflammatory and obstructive disorders of the ENT organs and olfactory dysfunction was revealed. Injuries to the nose and head also contributed to impaired sense of smell in patients. It was found that when self-evaluating patients tend to overestimate the quality of their sense of smell. There was also a decrease in olfactory function in the elderly, which is associated with neurodegenerative processes affecting all structures of the olfactory analyzer. Individuals who underwent COVID-19 without impaired olfactory function had higher olfactometryresults compared to patients who had hyposmia after COVID-19. However, studies by D. Brann et al. In mice, it is assumedthat the coronavirus does not enter directly into neurons, but instead can target supporting cells and stem cells of the olfactory epithelium [5]. In previous studies on mice, it was shown that the precursor of the modern virus penetrates the brain through the olfactory tract, and since the viruses are very similar, it is likely that this path of propagation to the brain is possible for the new coronavirus.
The olfactometry proposed by us is a chemosensory test that allows us to establish a more accurate (compared to previous research methods) level of olfactory dysfunction, since it is possible to specify the minimum concentration of an odorous chemical substance at which the patient can identify the smell. Also, this method allows you to compare the patient's result with the indicator of the relative norm of olfactory function for the age group of this patient.
The use of this method for detecting olfactory dysfunction contributes to timely diagnosis and accurate planning of further medical tactics for the management of a patient with hypo- and anosmia, including after COVID-19.

During the global pandemic of infection caused by COVID-19, many diseases became almost unheard of, but they have not disappeared anywhere. One of these infectious diseases is tuberculosis. COVID-19, like tuberculosis, is transmitted by airborne droplets and mainly affects the lungs. Some of the symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever, cough and shortness of breath, can mimic those of tuberculosis, so differential diagnosis and timely and appropriate treatment of these diseases are essential. The likelihood of contracting tuberculosis increases in people who have had a coronavirus infection, since the latter significantly reduces the general immunity of a person. According to the information of the NSCF MZRK, in 2020, tuberculosis was diagnosed in 40 people in the postcoid period. At the moment, there are 283 cases of simultaneous tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the Republic of Kazakhstan (as of July 31, 2021). In clinical practice, we had a chance to observe a patient with a comorbid condition and the authors considered it necessary to share their experience with a wide range of phthisiatricians, infectious disease specialists, GPs, and therapists.