P53 (encoding the p53 protein) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in all human cancer diseases. Common missense mutations of p53 abolish its tumor-suppressing function (gain-of-function, GOF)
and lead to the development of GOF cancer.
Materials and Methods. The study focused on samples of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the lungs, and adjacent healthy tissues obtained from postoperative material of cancer patients.
Methods included polymerase chain reaction of p53 and HRAS gene fragments, as well as complementary DNA (c-DNA) copies of p53, p21Waf1, MDM2, and mutation analysis using EcoR1 and Pst1 endonucleases based on restriction site presence.
Results. The presence of mutations was analyzed after amplification of p53 and HRAS gene fragments, as well as p53, p21Waf1, and MDM2 mRNA in cancerous and adjacent tissues in 100 samples of tumor and normal adjacent tissues. Half of the SCC and ADC lung samples did not contain expression products of p53 or p21Waf1 genes. Mutations were detected in 100 % and 85 % of SCC samples in 12 and
61 codons of the HRAS gene, and in 75 % and 50 % of ADC samples, respectively.
Conclusion. Mutations found in the majority of SCC and ADC samples allow diagnosing the disease, predicting its severity, and assessing the effectiveness of targeted therapy through such tests.

In this article, the authors investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract from the plant Artemisia Schrenkiana Ledeb. Members of the Artemisia genus are considered a source of medicinal plant
raw materials. This is due to the fact that plant-derived medicinal products have low toxicity, lack of side effects, and due to the comprehensive impact of biologically active substances produced in plant cells,
which affect the entire system of the body, they are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and biliary tract, among others. Artemisia
Schrenkiana Ledeb, or this species of wormwood known as Schrenk's wormwood, is an endemic plant of Kazakhstan. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pharmacological effects of this plant extract and its
potential applications in pharmacological production.
Methods and Materials: The anti-inflammatory effect was studied in accordance with international standards for conducting experiments on animals.
Results. Summarizing the results of the study, it was found that the wormwood extract exhibits antiinflammatory effects comparable to ibuprofen, and the values obtained are close to those of ibuprofen.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a paralytic peripheral neuropathy with an annual incidence of 0.81 to 1.89 cases (median: 1.11) per 100,000 people worldwide. The in-hospital mortality rate from GBS is approximately 2.6-2.8%. Risk factors include the severity of weakness at admission, time to reach maximum disability, the need for mechanical ventilation (MV), advanced age, as well as the presence of pulmonary and cardiac complications. Positive treatment outcomes are presented for one of the most common acute polyneuropathies—acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy of autoimmune origin, or
Guillain-Barré syndrome. The pathomorphology is described in detail, the characteristics of various clinical variants are provided, and the diagnostic criteria and treatment methods for Guillain-Barré syndrome are presented. A case of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with the development of lower paraparesis is described. Clinical improvement was noted from the third day, and complete recovery of neurological deficits, both clinically and according to ENMG data, was observed after 3 months.

This article presents a clinical case of a patient with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis who developed a severe form of toxic-allergic dermatitis to the antitubercular drug clofazimine during complex chemotherapy. As a result of the comprehensive treatment, the patient showed positive clinical and radiological dynamics of the specific process, and the adverse reactions to clofazimine were corrected and, in some cases, resolved. Powerful detoxification and desensitization therapy, including medication and plasma exchange sessions, effectively addressed the adverse reactions. Clofazimine was removed from the chemotherapy regimen. The patient completed the full course of specific tuberculosis treatment on an outpatient basis with the outcome "Treatment completed."

Erosive-ulcerative oral lichen planu (EUOLP) - a complicated, isolated form, characterized by a prolonged and often atypical course, carries a high risk of malignancy. The issue of local treatment for EUOLP, despite numerous studies, remains a challenging task for a dentist.

Objective: optimization of local treatment of erosive-ulcerative oral lichen planus.

Materials and methods: clinical and laboratory methods. A visual examination of patient K. was conducted, a survey was carried out, informed consent was obtained, cytological examination, complete blood count, and ELISA were performed.

Results of the study. During observation and treatment, according to our improved algorithm for local treatment of erosiveulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa, positive results were obtained. However, considering that the lesion was unilateral rather than symmetrical, it is suggested that the development of planus might have an allergic genesis, and this patient needs a thorough examination by an allergist.

Conclusion. The development and implementation of improved treatment algorithms for erosive-ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa remain a relevant issue in practical dentistry. Detailed study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of development will help optimize treatment methods and achieve faster recovery for patients with erosive-ulcerative planus of the oral mucosa, contributing to the mitigation of inflammatory signs, erosion healing, extension of remission periods, and reduction of recurrences.

In this article, which presents a brief description of a clinical observation, we give an example of successful surgical treatment of a patient with a thoracoabdominal aortic dissection, one of the most complex issues in modern cardiothoracic surgery. According to recent research, the prevalence of aortic dissections is estimated at six per hundred thousand people per year. In this case, the indications for surgical treatment are absolute, because without surgical treatment, the annual mortality rate is approximately 90%. There are still many unresolved questions in solving this problem, but also sufficient achievements. This primarily concerns optimizing the diagnostic stage - using the advantages of computer tomography and implementing the acute coronary syndrome treatment algorithm into clinical practice.

The improvement of the equipment in regional cardiology centers and the emergence of experienced teams, including cardiovascular surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, intensivists, and qualified medical staff, play a significant role. Technically, this is a complex surgical intervention that not every surgeon, even with extensive experience, can perform. Therefore, the authors of this presentation proudly present their first successful surgical treatment experience for a patient with aortic dissection, in which the "Frozen Elephant Trunk" (FET) procedure was performed for the first time in Kazakhstan. This procedure allows for a hybrid one-stage repair of the ascending, arch and descending thoracic aorta. This method allows for the intervention to be performed more safely and effectively than traditional methods of surgical interventions. According to the authors of the article, FET procedure is indicated for acute type A and type B aortic dissections, especially in combination with malperfusion syndromes, when it contributes to the expansion of the true lumen and obliteration of the false lumen, as well as for chronic degenerative aneurysmal diseases of the aortic arch and descending aorta. The evidence presented by the authors confirms that FET surgery is a technically feasible treatment option for such complex aortic disease. This method has shown its advantages as a one-stage intervention with long-term results and a beneficial effect on the remodeling of the distal aorta and visceral branches

In the article the analysis of nosology structures of critical conditions is presented at newborn hospitalized in the separation of reanimation and intensive therapy of Center of Perinatal Care and child's cardiac surgery Almaty. Research was conducted according to the final stage of gestation, to body, nosology weight, class of weight and reasons of fatal outcome.

Research aim: to study the features of nosology structure, frequencies of critical conditions and reasons of fatal outcomes at new-born, born in a megalopolis, for the exposure of modern tendencies of providing of reanimation help.

Methods and research material: 567 newborns, that were on treatment in the separation of neonatal reanimation and intensive therapy of municipal center of Perinatal Care and child's cardiac surgery of Almaty from January for December 2022. By a retrospective analysis the medical maps of reanimation are studied.

                The aim of this study was to assess and contrast the volume and viability of digital health initiatives in the South Asia region both before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and during its course.

                To achieve this objective, a two-fold methodology was employed. Firstly, a descriptive analysis was conducted on digital health research articles published from 2016 to 2021 in South Asia [1,2]. This analysis involved stratifying research articles based on the diseases and conditions they addressed, the geographical areas of focus, and the tasks for which the initiatives were applied. Secondly, the study introduced a straightforward and replicable tool, developed by the authors, to evaluate the sustainability of digital health initiatives. This tool utilized experimental or observational study designs for assessment [4].

                The findings from the descriptive analysis revealed significant insights, including a 40% increase in the number of studies reported in 2020 compared to 2019. Noteworthy areas of focus included Health Systems Strengthening, Ophthalmic Disorders, and COVID-19. Additionally, the top three commonly developed tools were identified as Remote Consultation, Health Information Delivery, and Clinical Decision Support Systems [5,6].

                The inter-rater operability of the sustainability assessment tool was meticulously developed and estimated, resulting in a Kappa value of 0.806 (± 0.088).

                In conclusion, our study indicates a positive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on digital health research. This is evidenced by an upswing in the number of digital health initiatives and an enhancement in the sustainability score of studies published during the COVID-19 period.